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Distribution of COVID-19 and Phylogenetic Tree Construction of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
Yazar(lar) :
Dora Dayu Rahma Turista , Aesthetica Islamy , Viol Dhea Kharisma , Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori
Yıl :
2020
Distribution of COVID-19 and Phylogenetic Tree Construction of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia Coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID- 19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID- 19 has spread quickly across the world and has been declared a pandemic. Indonesia has many COVID- 19 cases, with a high mortality rate. The distribution data of COVID- 19 in Indonesia were obtained from the COVID- 19 Management Handling Unit and descriptively analyzed. covid-19
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has spread quickly across the world and has been declared a pandemic. Indonesia has many COVID-19 cases, with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to describe the distribution of COVID-19 in Indonesia and constructed the SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree from Indonesian isolates and those from other countries, including other CoVs to determine their relationship. The distribution data of COVID-19 in Indonesia were obtained from the COVID-19 Management Handling Unit and descriptively analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 isolates were retrieved from the GenBank® (National Center of Biotechnology Information, USA) and GISAID EpiCoV™ databases and were used to construct phylogenetic trees using MEGA X software. Of the 37 provinces in Indonesia, five provinces with the highest case fatality rates were DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, and Banten, and the five provinces with the highest cure rate were Kepulauan Riau, Bali, Aceh, Gorontalo, and DI Yogyakarta. SARS-CoV-2 Indonesian isolates were closely related to SARS-CoV-2 isolates from other countries. The rapid and widespread distribution of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia was caused by the lack of compliance with territorial restrictions and dishonesty with medical personnel. These data revealed that mutations can occur during the transmission process, which can be caused by a history of travel and increased patient immunity.
DOI : 10.22207/JPAM.14.SPL1.42
Anahtar Kelimeler : covid-19, indonesia, phylogenetic tree, sars-cov-2
Cilt: 14
Sayı: suppl 1
Sayfa: 1035 - 1042
Sınıflandırma :
2
Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Nature Microbiology
Yayıncı:
Springer Nature
Yazar(lar) :
Maciej F. Boni , Philippe Lemey , Xiaowei Jiang , Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam , Blair W. Perry , Todd A. Castoe , Andrew Rambaut , David L. Robertson
Konu :
Molecular evolution, Phylogenetics, SARS-CoV-2, Viral evolution
Yıl :
2020
Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic
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There are outstanding evolutionary questions on the recent emergence of human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 including the role of reservoir species, the role of recombination and its time of divergence from animal viruses. We find that the sarbecoviruses—the viral subgenus containing SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2—undergo frequent recombination and exhibit spatially structured genetic diversity on a regional scale in China. SARS-CoV-2 itself is not a recombinant of any sarbecoviruses detected to date, and its receptor-binding motif, important for specificity to human ACE2 receptors, appears to be an ancestral trait shared with bat viruses and not one acquired recently via recombination. To employ phylogenetic dating methods, recombinant regions of a 68-genome sarbecovirus alignment were removed with three independent methods. Bayesian evolutionary rate and divergence date estimates were shown to be consistent for these three approaches and for two different prior specifications of evolutionary rates based on HCoV-OC43 and MERS-CoV. Divergence dates between SARS-CoV-2 and the bat sarbecovirus reservoir were estimated as 1948 (95% highest posterior density (HPD): 1879–1999), 1969 (95% HPD: 1930–2000) and 1982 (95% HPD: 1948–2009), indicating that the lineage giving rise to SARS-CoV-2 has been circulating unnoticed in bats for decades. In this manuscript, the authors address evolutionary questions on the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. They find that SARS-CoV-2 is not a recombinant of any sarbecoviruses detected to date, and that the bat and pangolin sequences most closely related to SARS-CoV-2 probably diverged several decades ago or possibly earlier from human SARS-CoV-2 samples.
DOI : 10.1038/s41564-020-0771-4
ISSN: 2058-5276
Sayfa: 1-10
Sınıflandırma :
3
Pangolins Harbor SARS-CoV-2-Related Coronaviruses
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Trends in Microbiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Guan-Zhu Han
Yıl :
2020
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID- 19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed a severe threat to global public health. COVID-19
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The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed a severe threat to global public health. Yet, the origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains mysterious. Several recent studies (e.g., Lam et al., Xiao et al.) identified SARS-CoV-2-related viruses in pangolins, providing novel insights into the evolution and diversity of SARS-CoV-2-related viruses.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tim.2020.04.001
Anahtar Kelimeler : COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pangolins, phylogenetics
ISSN: 0966-842X
Sayı: 7
Cilt: 28
Sayfa: 515-517
Sınıflandırma :
4
Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into novel wild hosts in North America: A conceptual model for perpetuation of the pathogen
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Science of The Total Environment
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Alan B. Franklin , Sarah N. Bevins
Yıl :
2020
There is evidence that the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID- 19, is of animal origin. COVID-19
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There is evidence that the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is of animal origin. As with a number of zoonotic pathogens, there is a risk of spillover into novel hosts. Here, we propose a hypothesized conceptual model that illustrates the mechanism whereby the SARS-CoV-2 could spillover from infected humans to naive wildlife hosts in North America. This proposed model is premised on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human feces through municipal waste water treatment plants into the natural aquatic environment where potential wildlife hosts become infected. We use the existing literature on human coronaviruses, including SARS CoV, to support the potential pathways and mechanisms in the conceptual model. Although we focus on North America, our conceptual model could apply to other parts of the globe as well.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139358
Anahtar Kelimeler : COVID-19, Bats, Raccoons, Waste water treatment plants, Sewage, Spillback
ISSN: 0048-9697
Cilt: 733
Sayfa: 139358
Sınıflandırma :
5
Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)?
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Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
PLoS Pathogens
Yazar(lar) :
Ping Liu , Jing-Zhe Jiang , Xiu-Feng Wan , Yan Hua , Linmiao Li , Jiabin Zhou , Xiaohu Wang , Fanghui Hou , Jing Chen , Jiejian Zou , Jinping Chen
Yıl :
2020
The outbreak of a novel corona Virus Disease 2019 ( COVID- 19) in the city of Wuhan, China has resulted in more than 1.7 million laboratory confirmed cases
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The outbreak of a novel corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the city of Wuhan, China has resulted in more than 1.7 million laboratory confirmed cases all over the world. Recent studies showed that SARS-CoV-2 was likely originated from bats, but its intermediate hosts are still largely unknown. In this study, we assembled the complete genome of a coronavirus identified in 3 sick Malayan pangolins. The molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed that this pangolin coronavirus (pangolin-CoV-2020) is genetically related to the SARS-CoV-2 as well as a group of bat coronaviruses but do not support the SARS-CoV-2 emerged directly from the pangolin-CoV-2020. Our study suggests that pangolins are natural hosts of Betacoronaviruses. Large surveillance of coronaviruses in pangolins could improve our understanding of the spectrum of coronaviruses in pangolins. In addition to conservation of wildlife, minimizing the exposures of humans to wildlife will be important to reduce the spillover risks of coronaviruses from wild animals to humans.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008421
Cilt: 16
Sayı: 5
Sayfa: e1008421
Sınıflandırma :
6
Chloroquine commonly induces hormetic dose responses
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Science of The Total Environment
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Edward J. Calabrese , Jaap C. Hanekamp , Yannic N. Hanekamp , Rachna Kapoor , Gaurav Dhawan , Evgenios Agathokleous
Yıl :
2021
The use of chloroquine in the treatment of COVID- 19 has received considerable attention. COVID-19
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The use of chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 has received considerable attention. The recent intense focus on this application of chloroquine stimulated an investigation into the effects of chloroquine at low doses on highly biologically-diverse models and whether it may induce hormetic-biphasic dose response effects. The assessment revealed that hormetic effects have been commonly induced by chloroquine, affecting numerous cell types, including tumor cell lines (e.g. human breast and colon) and non-tumor cell lines, enhancing viral replication, sperm motility, various behavioral endpoints as well as decreasing risks of convulsions, and enhancing a spectrum of neuroprotective responses within a preconditioning experimental framework. These diverse and complex findings indicate that hormetic dose responses commonly occur with chloroquine treatment with a range of biological models and endpoints. These findings have implications concerning study design features including the number and spacing of doses, and suggest a range of possible clinical concerns and opportunities depending on the endpoint considered.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142436
Anahtar Kelimeler : Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Hormesis, Dose-response, COVID-19, Biphasic dose response
ISSN: 0048-9697
Cilt: 755
Sayfa: 142436
Sınıflandırma :
7
The geroscience agenda: Toxic stress, hormetic stress, and the rate of aging
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Ageing Research Reviews
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Elissa S. Epel
Yıl :
2020
A fuller model incorporating stress resilience provides innovative biobehavioral interventions, both for bolstering response to challenges, such as COVID - 19, and for improving healthspan.
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Geroscience offers a counterpoint to the challenged pursuit of curing diseases of aging, by focusing on slowing the biological aging process for extended healthspan earlier in life. Remarkable progress has led this field toward animal trials and the next challenge lies with translation to humans. There is an emerging number of small human trials that can take advantage of new models integrating behavioral and social factors. Understanding dynamic aging mechanisms, given the powerful social determinants of aging (Crimmins, 2020) and human variability and environmental contexts (Moffitt, 2020), will be critical. Behavioral and social factors are intrinsic to aging. Toxic stressors broadly defined can lead to stress-acceleration of aging, either directly impacting aging processes or by shaping poor behavioral health, and underlie the socioeconomic disparities of aging. In contrast, hormetic stressors, acute intermittent stressors of moderate intensity, can produce stress resilience, the ability for quick recovery and possibly rejuvenation of cells and tissues. Although health research usually examines static biomarkers, aging is reflected in dynamic ability to recover from challenges pointing to new interventions and targets for examining mechanisms. A fuller model incorporating stress resilience provides innovative biobehavioral interventions, both for bolstering response to challenges, such as COVID-19, and for improving healthspan.
DOI : 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101167
Anahtar Kelimeler : Geroscience, Stress, Stress resilience, Allostasis, Hormesis, Reserve capacity
ISSN: 1568-1637
Sayfa: 101167
Sınıflandırma :
8
Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella contamination of wild boar (Sus scrofa) carcasses: comparison between different sampling strategies
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
European Journal of Wildlife Research
Yazar(lar) :
Silvia Bonardi , Cesare Tansini , Antonio Cacchioli , Laura Soliani , Luca Poli , Luca Lamperti , Margherita Corradi , Stefano Gilioli
Konu :
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Yıl :
2021
Because of COVID- 19 restrictions, 15 carcasses were transported to a near slaughterhouse (average time interval between (i) and (ii): 2.3 days).
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During 2020, a total of 64 wild boar carcasses were tested for Enterobacteriaceae count (EBC), Salmonella and Yersinia enterocolitica in the abdominal region (i) within 5 h after hunting in the game collection point and (ii) before dressing and processing in the game-handling establishment (GHE) (49 carcasses—average time interval between (i) and (ii): 4.3 days). Because of COVID-19 restrictions, 15 carcasses were transported to a near slaughterhouse (average time interval between (i) and (ii): 2.3 days). Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were collected and tested for Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica. Results are shown in relation to sampling A (49 carcasses—GHE) and sampling B (15 carcasses—slaughterhouse). Sampling A: EBC median values were (i) 2.51 log10 CFU/cm2 and (ii) 2.79 log10 CFU/cm2. EBC increase between (i) and (ii) was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Salmonella prevalence on carcasses varied from (i) 2.0 to (ii) 6.1%. Sampling B: EBC median values were (i) 3.1 log10 CFU/cm2 and (ii) 3.32 log10 CFU/cm2. EBC increase between (i) and (ii) was not statistically significant (p = 0.191). Salmonella prevalence on carcasses varied from (i) 6.7 to (ii) 0.0%. The prevalence (sampling A + B) of lymphatic Salmonella carriers was 7.8% (5/64). From carcasses and/or MNLs, the serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Agama, Zaiman and Diarizonae O:50 (z) were detected. Y. enterocolitica was never isolated. Long chilling periods prior to wild game processing should be avoided, and carcasses should be tested at GHE rather than after shooting to proper reflect the microbial load of wild boar meat entering the food chain.
DOI : 10.1007/s10344-021-01531-0
Anahtar Kelimeler : Wild boar, Game-handling establishment, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella, Yersinia
ISSN: 1612-4642 1439-0574
Sayı: 5
Cilt: 67
Sınıflandırma :
9
Unique features of a recombinant haemagglutinin influenza vaccine that influence vaccine performance
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
npj Vaccines
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
Arun B. Arunachalam , Penny Post , Deborah Rudin
Yıl :
2021
purity of the recombinant HA vaccine thus provide a number of benefits in vaccine performance which can be extended to other viral targets, such as for COVID - 19.
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AbstractThe influenza vaccine field has been constantly evolving to improve the speed, scalability, and flexibility of manufacturing, and to improve the breadth and longevity of the protective immune response across age groups, giving rise to an array of next generation vaccines in development. Among these, the recombinant influenza vaccine tetravalent (RIV4), using a baculovirus expression vector system to express recombinant haemagglutinin (rHA) in insect cells, is the only one to have reached the market and has been studied extensively. We describe how the unique structural features of rHA in RIV4 improve protective immune responses compared to conventional influenza vaccines made from propagated influenza virus. In addition to the sequence integrity, characteristic of recombinant proteins, unique post-translational processing of the rHA in insect cells instills favourable tertiary and quaternary structural features. The absence of protease-driven cleavage and addition of simple N-linked glycans help to preserve and expose certain conserved epitopes on HA molecules, which are likely responsible for the high levels of broadly cross-reactive and protective antibodies with rare specificities observed with RIV4. Furthermore, the presence of uniform compact HA oligomers and absence of egg proteins, viral RNA or process impurities, typically found in conventional vaccines, are expected to eliminate potential adverse reactions to these components in susceptible individuals with the use of RIV4. These distinct structural features and purity of the recombinant HA vaccine thus provide a number of benefits in vaccine performance which can be extended to other viral targets, such as for COVID-19.
DOI : 10.1038/s41541-021-00403-7
ISSN: 2059-0105
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 6
Sınıflandırma :
Viroloji %91
10
Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins
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Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Nature
Yayıncı:
Springer Nature
Yazar(lar) :
Kangpeng Xiao , Junqiong Zhai , Yaoyu Feng , Niu Zhou , Xu Zhang , Jie-Jian Zou , Na Li , Yaqiong Guo , Xiaobing Li , Xuejuan Shen , Zhipeng Zhang , Fanfan Shu , Wanyi Huang , Yu Li , Ziding Zhang , Rui-Ai Chen , Ya-Jiang Wu , Shi-Ming Peng , Mian Huang , Wei-Jun Xie , Qin-Hui Cai , Fang-Hui Hou , Wu Chen , Lihua Xiao , Yongyi Shen
Konu :
SARS-CoV-2, SARS virus, Viral infection
Yıl :
2020
The current outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 ( COVID- 19) poses unprecedented challenges to global health1.
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The current outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) poses unprecedented challenges to global health1. The new coronavirus responsible for this outbreak—severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—shares high sequence identity to SARS-CoV and a bat coronavirus, RaTG132. Although bats may be the reservoir host for a variety of coronaviruses3,4, it remains unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 has additional host species. Here we show that a coronavirus, which we name pangolin-CoV, isolated from a Malayan pangolin has 100%, 98.6%, 97.8% and 90.7% amino acid identity with SARS-CoV-2 in the E, M, N and S proteins, respectively. In particular, the receptor-binding domain of the S protein of pangolin-CoV is almost identical to that of SARS-CoV-2, with one difference in a noncritical amino acid. Our comparative genomic analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated in the recombination of a virus similar to pangolin-CoV with one similar to RaTG13. Pangolin-CoV was detected in 17 out of the 25 Malayan pangolins that we analysed. Infected pangolins showed clinical signs and histological changes, and circulating antibodies against pangolin-CoV reacted with the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. The isolation of a coronavirus from pangolins that is closely related to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that these animals have the potential to act as an intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2. This newly identified coronavirus from pangolins—the most-trafficked mammal in the illegal wildlife trade—could represent a future threat to public health if wildlife trade is not effectively controlled. A newly identified coronavirus found in Malayan pangolins shares considerable sequence identity with SARS-CoV-2, which suggests that the latter may have originated from a recombination event involving SARS-related coronaviruses from bats and pangolins.
DOI : 10.1038/s41586-020-2313-x
ISSN: 1476-4687
Cilt: 583
Sayı: 7815
Sayfa: 286-289
Sınıflandırma :
11
Where Is the Provenance? Ethical Replicability and Reproducibility in GIScience and Its Critical Applications
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Taylor and Francis
Dergi:
Annals of the American Association of Geographers
Yayıncı:
Informa UK Limited
Yazar(lar) :
Jason A. Tullis , Bandana Kar
Konu :
Earth-Surface Processes, Geography, Planning and Development
Yıl :
2020
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As replicability and reproducibility (R&R) crises develop within emerging convergent inquiry, ethical use of provenance information is central to the establishment and preservation of trust in critical applications of GIScience and geospatial technologies. Today large volumes of geospatial data are generated at high velocity from satellite sensors and unmanned aircraft systems, citizen sensors, geolocation-based data services, global navigation satellite systems, and so on. The extensive use of these data for applications such as disaster and humanitarian response raises the issue of R&R from competing perspectives of location privacy and geospatial data quality. Although geospatial data can be integrated and linked with contextual information to identify individuals’ movements, steps taken to ensure privacy can complicate the multiuser development of high-quality geospatial workflows. Provenance information as digital records of historical (retrospective) and potential future (prospective) geospatial processes is often overlooked, misunderstood, or inadequately addressed. We explore the relationship between provenance information, location privacy, and geospatial data quality in the context of R&R with a focus on disaster analytics. We argue that in the era of big data and deep learning, GIScientists and associated institutions bear greater responsibility both for geospatial workflow quality and for location privacy. Given vastly heterogenous computational landscapes, we provide practical recommendations for ethically driven provenance and R&R research and development within the GIScience community and beyond.
DOI : 10.1080/24694452.2020.1806029
Anahtar Kelimeler : disaster response, GIScience, location privacy, provenance, replicability and reproducibility, 灾害响应, 地理信息科学, 位置隐私, 来源, fuentes, privacidad de localización, replicabilidad y reproducibilidad, respuesta al desastre, SIGciencia
ISSN: 2469-4452
Sayfa: 1-11
Sınıflandırma :
12
Feeding plasticity and temporal behaviour of the alien American mink in Europe
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Acta Oecologica
Yayıncı:
Elsevier BV
Yazar(lar) :
Dario Mezzetto , Fabio Dartora , Emiliano Mori
Yıl :
2021
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The American mink Neovison vison is an invasive species in Europe with a number of expanding populations in over 20 countries. In this work, we reviewed feeding habits and temporal behaviour of the American mink introduced to Europe. We summarised the results of 30 studies on diet of this mustelid and of 5 studies on activity rhythms. Trophic niche breadth was high in Europe and increased with increasing sampling period, thus emphasizing that American mink may shape its diet according to the seasonal availability of potential prey. American minks showed a polyphasic or cathemeral locomotor pattern, being active both during the day and the night in Europe and tending to limit encounter probabilities with native, larger mustelids. Acceptance of programs of eradication/numerical control are linked to the awareness of impact by this semiaquatic mammal and to recent sightings of free-ranging individuals. Numerical control of this charismatic, invasive mammal species may thus encounter a strong opposition by the general public, particularly because its presence and its impacts are poorly known. Educational campaigns and consultation with all potential stakeholders should be addressed to design effective decision-making processes.
DOI : 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103700
Anahtar Kelimeler : Biological invasions, Diet, Temporal behaviour, Patterns of activity rhythms, Neovison vison
ISSN: 1146-609X
Cilt: 110
Sayfa: 103700
Sınıflandırma :
13
Using Serology to Anticipate Measles Post-honeymoon Period Outbreaks
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Trends in Microbiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
C.J.E. Metcalf , A. Wesolowski , A.K. Winter , J. Lessler , S. Cauchemez , W.J. Moss , A.R. McLean , B.T. Grenfell
Yıl :
2020
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Measles vaccination is a public health ‘best buy’, with the highest cost of illness averted of any vaccine-preventable disease (Ozawa et al., Bull. WHO 2017;95:629). In recent decades, substantial reductions have been made in the number of measles cases, with an estimated 20 million deaths averted from 2000 to 2017 (Dabbagh et al., MMWR 2018;67:1323). Yet, an important feature of epidemic dynamics is that large outbreaks can occur following years of apparently successful control (Mclean et al., Epidemiol. Infect. 1988;100:419–442). Such ‘post-honeymoon period’ outbreaks are a result of the nonlinear dynamics of epidemics (Mclean et al., Epidemiol. Infect. 1988;100:419–442). Anticipating post-honeymoon outbreaks could lead to substantial gains in public health, helping to guide the timing, age-range, and location of catch-up vaccination campaigns (Grais et al., J. Roy. Soc. Interface 2008003B6:67–74). Theoretical conditions for such outbreaks are well understood for measles, yet the information required to make these calculations policy-relevant is largely lacking. We propose that a major extension of serological studies to directly characterize measles susceptibility is a high priority.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tim.2020.04.009
ISSN: 0966-842X
Sayı: 8
Cilt: 28
Sayfa: 597-600
Sınıflandırma :
14
The effect of voluntary wheel running on the antioxidant status is dependent on sociability conditions
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Mauricio P. Cunha , Daniele G. Machado , Gianni Mancini , Viviane Glaser , Roberta de Paula Martins , Andreza F. de Bem , Alexandra Latini , Alcir L. Dafre , Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues
Yıl :
2020
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Voluntary wheel running is widely used as a physical activity (PA) model in rodents, but most studies investigate the beneficial effects of this intervention in socially isolated mice. Social isolation stress (SIS) is associated with vulnerability to oxidative stress and reduced mitochondrial activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of free access to a running wheel for 21 days on the various markers of the cellular redox/antioxidant status as well as mitochondrial function of mice subjected to SIS or maintained in groups of 3 in the homecage. SIS increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in the cerebral cortex, and PA intervention was not able to reverse such alteration. PA reduced TBARS levels in the liver of grouped mice and gastrocnemius of socially isolated mice. PA increased nonprotein thiol (NPSH) levels in the cerebral cortex of grouped mice. Furthermore, socially isolated mice presented lower glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the cerebellum and gastrocnemius, and glutathione reductase (GR) activity in the cerebral cortex and liver. By contrast, SIS induced higher GPx activity in the cerebral cortex and heart. PA reduced GPx (cerebral cortex) and GR (cerebral cortex and liver) activities of socially isolated mice. SIS caused higher activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II in the cerebral cortex, and the PA paradigm was not able to alter this effect. Interestingly, the PA produced antidepressant-like effect at both SIS and control groups. In conclusion, the results showed the influence of SIS for the effects of PA on the antioxidant status, but not on the mitochondrial function and emotionality.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173018
Anahtar Kelimeler : DTNB 5, 5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, 5, 5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, ANOVA Analysis of variance, Analysis of variance, CHP Cumene peroxide, Cumene peroxide, Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) Ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, Nu2032, Nu2032-tetraacetic acid (also known as Egtazic acid, EGTA), Ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, Nu2032, Nu2032-tetraacetic acid (also known as Egtazic acid, EGTA), GPx Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione peroxidase, GR Glutathione reductase, Glutathione reductase, MDA Malondialdehyde, Malondialdehyde, NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NPSH Nonprotein thiols groups, Nonprotein thiols groups, GSSG Oxidized glutathione, Oxidized glutathione, PA Physical activity, Physical activity, GSH Reduced glutathione, Reduced glutathione, SIS Social isolation stress, Social isolation stress, TST Tail suspension test, Tail suspension test, TBARS Thiobarbituric acid reactive species, Thiobarbituric acid reactive species, Glutathione, Mitochondria, Oxidative stress, Physical activity, Voluntary wheel running, Social isolation stress
ISSN: 0091-3057
Cilt: 198
Sayfa: 173018
Sınıflandırma :
15
Acidic electrolyzed water potently inactivates SARS-CoV-2 depending on the amount of free available chlorine contacting with the virus
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Yohei Takeda , Hiroshi Uchiumi , Sachiko Matsuda , Haruko Ogawa
Yıl :
2020
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Alcohol-based disinfectant shortage is a serious concern in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Acidic electrolyzed water (EW) with a high concentration of free available chlorine (FAC) shows strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Here, we assessed the SARS-CoV-2-inactivating efficacy of acidic EW for use as an alternative disinfectant. The quick virucidal effect of acidic EW depended on the concentrations of contained-FAC. The effect completely disappeared in acidic EW in which FAC was lost owing to long-time storage after generation. In addition, the virucidal activity increased proportionately with the volume of acidic EW mixed with the virus solution when the FAC concentration in EW was same. These findings suggest that the virucidal activity of acidic EW against SARS-CoV-2 depends on the amount of FAC contacting the virus.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.029
Anahtar Kelimeler : Acidic electrolyzed water, Disinfectant, Free available chlorine, SARS-CoV-2, DDW double-distilled water, double-distilled water, EW electrolyzed water, electrolyzed water, FAC free available chlorine, free available chlorine, FBS fetal bovine serum, fetal bovine serum, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, TCID50 50% tissue culture infective dose, 50% tissue culture infective dose, WHO World Health Organization, World Health Organization
ISSN: 0006-291X
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 530
Sayfa: 1-3
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