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1
Carotenoid-based coloration in cichlid fishes.
e-Kitap

e-Kitap
Open Access
Kaynak :
Internet Archive Books
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yazar(lar) :
Ethan D Clotfelter , Alexandria C Brown , Kristina M Sefc
Yıl :
2014
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
This article is from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology, volume 173. Abstract Animal colors play important roles in communication, ecological interactions and speciation. Carotenoid pigments are responsible for many yellow, orange and red hues in animals. Whereas extensive knowledge on the proximate mechanisms underlying carotenoid coloration in birds has led to testable hypotheses on avian color evolution and signaling, much less is known about the expression of carotenoid coloration in fishes. Here, we promote cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae) as a system in which to study the physiological and evolutionary significance of carotenoids. Cichlids include some of the best examples of adaptive radiation and color pattern diversification in vertebrates. In this paper, we examine fitness correlates of carotenoid pigmentation in cichlids and review hypotheses regarding the signal content of carotenoid-based ornaments. Carotenoid-based coloration is influenced by diet and body condition and is positively related to mating success and social dominance. Gaps in our knowledge are discussed in the last part of this review, particularly in the understanding of carotenoid metabolism pathways and the genetics of carotenoid coloration. We suggest that carotenoid metabolism and transport are important proximate mechanisms responsible for individual and population-differences in cichlid coloration that may ultimately contribute to diversification and speciation.
DOI : doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.03.006
Cilt :173
ISSN :1095-6433
2
Inhibition of eicosanoid signaling leads to increased lipid peroxidation in a host
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
DSpace Makaleler
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier Inc.
Yazar(lar) :
Ender Büyükgüzel , meltem Erdem , Hasan Tunaz , Ceyhun Küçük , Utku Can Atılgan , David Stanley , Kemal Büyükgüzel
Konu :
B. hebetor, CAT, Eicosanoids, G. mellonella, GST, Oxidative stress
Yıl :
2017
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
We posed the hypothesis that inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased lipid peroxidation in insects. Here we report that rearing the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, on media supplemented with selected inhibitors of eicosanoid biosynthesis throughout the larval, pupal and adult life led to major alterations in selected oxidative and antioxidative parameters of wax moth and its ectoparasitoid, Bracon hebetor. The highest dietary dexamethasone (Dex), esculetin (Esc) and phenidone (Phe) led to increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and to elevated catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities in all developmental stages of host larvae. Dietary Phe resulted in increased MDA levels, and CAT activity in G. mellonella adults by about 4-fold and about 2-fold, respectively. The Phe effect on GST activity in all stages of the wax moth was expressed in a dose-dependent manner, increased to 140 nmol/mg protein/min in larvae. MDA levels were increased by over 30-fold in adult wasps reared on Dex- and Esc-treated hosts. CAT and GST activities were increased in adult parasitoids reared on Esc-and Phe-treated hosts. GST activity of Dex-treated parasitoid larvae increased from about 4 to over 30 nmol/mg protein/min. Dietary Phe led to increased GST activity, by about 25-fold, in adult wasps. These data indicate that chronic inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis leads to increased oxidative stress, strongly supporting our hypothesis. The significance of this work lies in understanding the roles of eicosanoids in insect biology. Aside from other well-known eicosanoids actions, we propose that eicosanoids mediate reductions in oxidative stress. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.013
Anahtar Kelimeler : B. hebetor, CAT, Eicosanoids, G. mellonella, GST, Oxidative stress, article
Cilt: 204
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %54
3
Structure, distribution and physiological functions of ghrelin in fish
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Suraj Unniappan , Richard E. Peter
Yıl :
2005
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Ghrelin was originally purified and characterized in rats and humans as the first identified endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. In mammals, ghrelin is mainly produced in the stomach, with minor levels of ghrelin present in the brain and various other tissues. Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of many physiological functions including the regulation of growth hormone secretion and food intake in mammals. The gene and peptide structures of ghrelin have been recently identified in several fish species. As in mammals, ghrelin mRNA is mainly expressed in the gut of fish. Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of a number of physiological functions, including the regulation of pituitary hormone release and the stimulation of food intake in fish. In this review, we wish to provide an up-to-date discussion on the structure, distribution and functions of ghrelin in fish, in comparison to ghrelin in other vertebrates.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.02.011
Anahtar Kelimeler : Brain, Food intake, Gene expression, Growth hormone secretagogues, Gut, Hormones, Peptide, Pituitary
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 140
Sayfa: 396-408
4
Cardiorespiratory Responses to Acute Hypoxemia in the Chronically Catheterized Fetal Llama at 0.7–0.9 of Gestation
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Anı́bal Llanos , Raquel Riquelme , Emilia Sanhueza , Cristián Gaete , Gertrudis Cabello , Julian Parer
Yıl :
1998
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
The adult llama (Lama glama) has several compensatory mechanisms that allow it to successfully survive at high altitude. Llama fetuses at 0.6–0.7 of gestation, and near-term llama fetuses studied close to surgery, did not increase cerebral blood flow and decreased cerebral oxygen delivery during acute hypoxemia. It is not known whether these responses were the result of immaturity or surgical stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether the lack of increase in cerebral blood flow and the decrease in cerebral oxygen delivery during hypoxemia in the fetal llama is characteristic of this high-altitude species near term, and under nonstressed conditions. We chronically catheterized 7 llamas and their fetuses near to term, at 0.7–0.9 of gestation. Fetal cardiac output, cerebral and regional blood flows, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, pH, and blood gases, organ vascular resistances and organ oxygen deliveries were determined at least 4 days after surgery, both during the basal state and after 1 hr of acute fetal hypoxemia. During hypoxemia the llama fetus did not increase cerebral blood flow and markedly decreased its cerebral oxygen delivery. There was also a marked decrease in kidney blood flow and oxygen delivery. These results indicate that, in contrast to fetuses of lowland species, the fetal llama does not increase the cerebral blood flow during hypoxemia, suggesting specific cellular mechanisms to preserve brain integrity during oxygen limitation.
DOI : 10.1016/s1095-6433(98)01008-3
Anahtar Kelimeler : Blood flow, cardiorespiratory, fetus, hypoxemia, llama, oxygen delivery, vascular resistance
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 119
Sayfa: 705-709
5
Editorial Board
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yıl :
2010
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/s1095-6433(10)00011-5
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 155
Sayfa: IFC
6
The acute hypoxic ventilatory response: Testing the adaptive significance in human populations
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
John S. Terblanche , Krystal A. Tolley , Andreas Fahlman , Kathryn H. Myburgh , Sue Jackson
Yıl :
2005
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
The acute Hypoxic Ventilatory Response (HVR) is an important component of human hypoxia tolerance, hence presumably physiological adaptation to high altitude. We measured the isocapnic HVR (L min−1 %−1) in two genetically divergent low altitude southern African populations. The HVR does not differ between African Xhosas (X) and Caucasians (C) (X:−0.34±0.36; C:−0.42±0.33; P>0.34), but breathing patterns do. Among all Xhosa subjects, size-independent tidal volume was smaller (X: 0.75±0.20; C: 1.11±0.32 L; P<0.01), breathing frequency higher (X: 22.2±5.7; C: 14.3±4.2 breaths min−1; P<0.01) and hypoxic oxygen saturation lower than among Caucasians (X: 78.4±4.7%; C: 81.7±4.7%; P<0.05). The results remained significant if subjects from Xhosa and Caucasian groups were matched for gender, body mass index and menstrual cycle phase in the case of females. The latter also employed distinct breathing patterns between populations in normoxia. High repeatability (intra-class correlation coefficient) of the HVR in both populations (0.77–0.87) demonstrates that one of the prerequisites for natural selection, consistent between-individual variation, is met. Finally, we explore possible relationships between inter-population genetic distances and HVR differences among Xhosa, European, Aymara Amerindians, Tibetan and Chinese populations. Inter-population differences in the HVR are not attributable to genetic distance (Mantel Z-test, P=0.59). The results of this study add novel support for the hypothesis that differences in the HVR, should they be found between other human populations, may reflect adaptation to hypoxia rather than genetic divergence through time.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.01.016
Anahtar Kelimeler : Evolution, Hypoxia tolerance, Low-altitude population, Repeatability, Variation, Ventilatory adaptation
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 140
Sayfa: 349-362
7
Phloem sucrose: Integrating mineral deficiency responses
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
J. Hammond , P. White
Yıl :
2007
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.549
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 146
Sayfa: S238-S239
8
Temperature acclimation modifies sinatrial pacemaker mechanism of the trout heart
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
J. Haverinen , M. Vornanen
Yıl :
2007
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.356
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 146
Sayfa: S169
9
Environmental proteomics and biomarker discovery
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
D. Sheehan
Yıl :
2010
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.06.118
ISSN: 1095-6433
Cilt: 157
Sayfa: S42
10
On the mechanism of sodium-proton exchange in crayfish
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Anna M. Zetino , Leonard B. Kirschner , Mathew Harvey
Yıl :
2001
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
In salt depleted crayfish net sodium and proton fluxes were coupled 1:1 as required by the frog skin–turtle bladder model. In addition, three proton pump inhibitors produced equal reductions of both fluxes. It is concluded that the model operates in these animals. Net Na+ and H+ fluxes were very small in tap water adapted animals, but regression analysis clearly showed that they were coupled, though perhaps not 1:1. Proton pump inhibitors, at concentrations that suppressed ++++fluxes in salt-depleted crayfish, had no measureable effect on proton movement in tap water-adapted animals. Two of them (dicyclocarbodiimide and N-ethyl maleimide), caused a small reduction in Na+ influx without affecting proton efflux. These experiments provide no support for operation of the frog–turtle system in adult crayfish adapted to tap water. A 2Na+—H+ exchanger is considered from an energetic point of view. Such a system might be able to couple Na+ and H+ fluxes in dilute, near neutral solutions ([Na+]∼1–2 mM; pH 7).
DOI : 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00345-7
Anahtar Kelimeler : Concanamycin, Dicyclocarbodiimide, Nu2013Ethyl maleimide, Proton pump, Sodium-proton exchange, Sodium transport
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 128
Sayfa: 863-872
11
Nitric oxide, stomatal closure and abiotic stress
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
S Neill , R Barros , J Bright , R Desikan , J Hancock , J Harrison , P Morris , D Riberio
Yıl :
2007
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.648
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 146
Sayfa: S257
12
Evidence for the ‘rate-of-living’ hypothesis between mammals and lizards, but not in birds, with field metabolic rate
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier BV
Yazar(lar) :
Lin Zhang , Fang Yang , Wan-Long Zhu
Yıl :
2021
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Longevity, an important life-history trait, is determined by extrinsic and/or intrinsic causing mortality. Here, we used body mass (BM), field metabolic rate (FMR), longevity, and female maturity data reported from 300 amniote species to test whether 1) longevity was related to BM, FMR and female maturity, and 2) FMR, female maturity, or both, had a direct effect on longevity and whether an indirect effect of FMR on female maturity improved model fit. The results showed that BM was positively correlated with longevity and FMR, but negatively correlated with mass-specific FMR (mFMR) in amniotes. Phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis showed that, in the best model, longevity had a direct negative correlation with mFMR in lizards, and an indirect negative correlation with mFMR through female maturity in mammals. However, longevity had a direct positive correlation with mFMR in birds. Furthermore, longevity was positively correlated with female maturity in endotherms (birds and mammals) but weakly correlated with female maturity in ectotherms (lizards). Thus, our results are consistent with the life-history theory and the “rate-of-living” hypothesis in lizards and mammals but not support them in birds.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110867
Anahtar Kelimeler : Amniote, Field metabolic rate, Life history, Longevity
ISSN: 1095-6433
Cilt: 253
Sayfa: 110867
13
Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor gene expression prior to the development of the pituitary gland in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos reared at two temperatures
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Mao Li , James Greenaway , Jason Raine , James Petrik , Ann Hahnel , John Leatherland
Yıl :
2006
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Real time RT-PCR was used to measure the changes in the rates of synthesis of mRNA encoding for growth hormone-1 (GH1) and -2 (GH2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and -2 (IGF-2), and whole embryo GH content was measured in early stage rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos reared at two incubation temperatures (8.5 and 6.0 °C). Particular attention was paid to the phase of embryo development that preceded the appearance of the pituitary gland. GH was present in zygotes, and there were no significant changes in whole embryo GH content of the two temperature treatment groups from fertilization (t0) until the time at which GH was detectable in the pituitary gland by immunostaining. The expression of the two GH genes decreased during the first 24 h post-fertilization, and then increased significantly by 17 dpf in embryos reared at both temperatures. There was a subsequent steep increase in the number of copies of GH1 and GH2 mRNA associated with the formation of the pituitary gland evident at 23 and 34 dpf in the 8.5 and 6.0 °C groups, respectively. The number of copies of mRNA encoding for IGF-1 and IGF-2 did not change during the first 24 h post-fertilization; however, there was a significant increase in the numbers of transcripts for both genes evident by 13 dpf in embryos reared at the two incubation temperatures. The differences in the timing of the increases in GH and IGF mRNA may suggest that IGF gene expression is not GH-dependent at that stage. Moreover, the increased expression of the GH genes prior to the formation of the pituitary gland suggests that tissues other than the pituitary are expressing these genes in early embryos. The pattern of changes in GH content was similar to the pattern of GH gene expression in embryos reared at the two incubation temperatures when the age of embryos was plotted using degree-days. There were no apparent compensatory responses in GH1, GH2, IGF-1 or IGF-2 gene expression related to altered growth rates. The number of copies of IGF-2 mRNA was higher than that of IGF-1 mRNA during the early developmental period; this is consistent with the hypothesis that IGF-2 predominates during embryonic development. A differential expression of GH2 and GH1 was also observed with the overall copy numbers of GH2 mRNA being consistently higher than those of GH1.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.01.024
Anahtar Kelimeler : Rainbow trout, Early embryonic development, Incubation temperature, Growth hormone, Insulin-like growth factor, Gene expression, Oncorhynchus mykiss
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 143
Sayfa: 514-522
14
Immunohistochemical distribution of neuropeptide Y in the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon of carp, Cyprinus carpio L. (Cyprinidae: Teleostei)
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Andrea Pirone , Carla Lenzi , Laura Betti , Gino Giannaccini , Antonio Lucacchini , Paolo Marroni , Ortenzio Fabiani
Yıl :
2004
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
The localization of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive elements was investigated in the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon of carp, Cyprinus carpio, by using antisera raised against porcine NPY and the immunoperoxidase technique. Concurrently, to identify the distribution of NPY-immunoreactivity, we developed an atlas of the studied areas based on Nissl-stained sections. The NPY-immunoreactive (NPY-ir) elements were located in many zones of the mesencephalon and rhombencephalon. In the mesencephalon, positive fibers were the most abundant elements while neurons were scarce. The rhombencephalon rostral part was characterized by a low to moderate fiber density, distributed in the ventro-medial and ventro-lateral region. Differently the caudal part of the rhombencephalon exhibited several NPY-ir elements. In particular, a high density of immunoreactivity was located in the gustatory area at the level of the nucleus (n.) originis nervi glossopharyngei, in the n. nervi vagi, and in the vagal lobe. The latter can be considered a valid neuroanatomical model for the study of gustatory signal processing in vertebrates. Our results regarding the primary gustatory centers give neuroanatomical support to the view that NPY may act as a neurotransmitter and/or a neuromodulator in a wide neural network for feeding behavior control.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.03.017
Anahtar Kelimeler : NPY, Carp, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon, Feeding, Vagal lobe, Gustatory area
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 2
Cilt: 138
Sayfa: 175-185
15
Theory and practice of integrated monitoring in marine ecosystems — The ICON programme
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
K. Hylland , M. Gubbins , C. Robinson , T. Lang , D. Vethaak , C. Martinez-Gomez , T. Burgeot , J. Svavarsson , J.E. Thain
Yıl :
2012
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.05.152
ISSN: 1095-6433
Cilt: 163
Sayfa: S51-S52
16
Systems biology of homeodynamics: Neuronal adaptive compensation
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
J. Schwaber , R. Vadigepalli , R. Khan , R. Rogers , M. Macdonald
Yıl :
2008
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.016
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 150
Sayfa: S44
17
Globin gene switching in primates
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Robert M Johnson , Deborah Gumucio , Morris Goodman
Yıl :
2002
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Evolutionary approaches to the identification of DNA sequences required for transcription of the genes of the β-globin cluster are reviewed. Sequence alignments of non-coding regions from widely divergent species revealed many conserved motifs (phylogenetic footprints) that were putative transcription factor binding sites and candidate binding proteins were identified. The differential timing of the prosimian and simian γ-globin genes was analyzed by identifying base changes in the vicinity of the phylogenetic footprints. These differential phylogenetic footprints were shown to bind different nuclear factors, and the behavior of constructs with human or galago γ-promoters in transgenic mice indicated that DNA motifs near the γ-globin genes are sufficient to determine the developmental stage of expression. Locus control region alignments have identified many conserved sequence differences outside of the hypersensitive sites. Globin protein and mRNA expression profiles during embryological development in a series of catarrhine (Old World monkeys and apes) and platyrrhine (New World monkeys) primates have been determined. While all catarrhines examined to date have globin expression patterns that are highly similar to the well-established human switching behavior, platyrrhines have inactivated their γ1 genes by a variety of mechanisms, and have an earlier γ–β switch.
DOI : 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00205-2
Anahtar Kelimeler : β-Globin cluster, Catarrhine, Globin, Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin switching, Phylogenetic footprinting, Platyrrhine
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 133
Sayfa: 877-883
18
Dermaseptins from Phyllomedusa oreades and Phyllomedusa distincta: Secondary structure, antimicrobial activity, and mammalian cell toxicity
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
José Roberto S.A. Leite , Guilherme D. Brand , Luciano P. Silva , Selma A.S. Kückelhaus , Wilian R.C. Bento , Antonio L.T. Araújo , Graciella R. Martins , Andréia M. Lazzari , Carlos Bloch
Yıl :
2008
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
The present study reports the structural characteristics, the biological activities, and preliminary clinical investigations of three synthetic members of the dermaseptin family of antimicrobial peptides. The three peptides showed similar tendencies to form α-helical structures in non-polar media. The antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi was determined in the micromolar concentration and the peptides did not influenced peritoneal cells viability. One of the peptides was intravenously administered in mice at concentrations similar to those of antibiotics employed in bacterial/fungal infections and it did not cause any detectable changes in cells and tissues.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.03.016
Anahtar Kelimeler : Antibacterial, Antifungal peptides, Cell viability, Circular dichroism, Dermaseptins, Phyllomedusa
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 151
Sayfa: 336-343
19
Blood glucose concentration in caviomorph rodents
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Juan C. Opazo , Mauricio Soto-Gamboa , Francisco Bozinovic
Yıl :
2004
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Hystricomorph rodents are a group of species that belong to the suborder Hystricognathi. They mainly inhabit South American (caviomorph) and African (phiomorph) habitats. This group of rodents has a divergent insulin structure. For example, insulin in this group of rodents exhibits only 1–10% of biological activity in comparison to other mammals. Therefore, hystricomorph rodents may hypothetically be unable to regulate blood glucose concentration as non-hystricomorph mammals. In this work we evaluated blood glucose concentration in nine species of caviomorph rodents, with emphasis on species belonging to the families Abrocomidae, Ctenomyidae and Octodontidae. Specifically we: (1) measured glucose concentrations after a fasting period; and (2) conducted a glucose tolerance test. In the latter assay we used Octodon degus as a representative species of the genus Octodon. Results showed that blood glucose concentration values after fasting, and in the glucose tolerance test, were within the expected range for mammals. We postulate that this group of rodents has compensatory traits that may permit the maintenance of standard values of plasma glucose.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.09.007
Anahtar Kelimeler : Hystricomorph, Caviomorph, Insulin, Blood glucose concentration, Glycemia, Pancreatic hormones, Oral glucose tolerance test, Diabetes
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 137
Sayfa: 57-64
20
15.P8. Antioxidant defenses and biochemical changes in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) (Holmberg, 1887) in response to single and combined copper and hypoxia
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
F.G. Sampaio , C.L. Boijink , E.T. Obaa , L.R.B. Santos , A.L. Kalinin , F.T. Rantin
Yıl :
2007
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.165
ISSN: 1095-6433
Cilt: 148
Sayfa: S64-S65
21
Emerging toxicants as endocrine disruptors: what are the issues?
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
T.W. Moon
Yıl :
2008
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.044
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 151
Sayfa: S2
22
Effects of potassium ion supplementation on survival and ion regulation in Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis larvae reared in ion deficient saline waters
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Calvin Fisher , Charlotte Bodinier , Adam Kuhl , Christopher Green
Yıl :
2013
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Teleost fish often live in an environment in which osmoregulatory mechanisms are critical for survival and largely unknown in larval fish. The effects of a single important marine ion (K+) on survival and ion regulation of larval Gulf killifish, an estuarine, euryhaline teleost, were determined. A four-week study was completed in four separate recirculating systems with newly hatched larvae. Salinity in all four systems was maintained between 9.5 and 10‰. Two systems were maintained using crystal salt (99.6% NaCl) with K+ supplementation (1.31 ± 0.04 mmol/L and 2.06 ± 0.04 mmol/L K+; mean ± SEM), one was maintained with crystal salt and no K+ supplementation (0.33 ± 0.05 mmol/L K+), the fourth system was maintained using a standard marine mix salt (2.96 ± 0.04 mmol/L K+), the salt mix also included standard ranges of other ions such as calcium and magnesium. Larvae were sampled throughout the experiment for dry mass, Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, whole body ion composition, relative gene expression (NKA, Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)), and immunocytochemistry staining for NKA, NKCC, and CFTR. Larvae stocked into water with no K+ supplementation resulted in 100% mortality within 24 h. Mortality and dry mass were significantly influenced by K+ concentration (P ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed among treatment groups for NKA activity. At 1 dph NKA mRNA expression was higher in the 0.3 mmol [K+] group than in other treatment groups and at 7 dph differences in intestinal NKA and CFTR staining were observed. These data indicate that the rearing of larval Gulf killifish may be possible in ion deficient water utilizing specific ion supplementation.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.01.002
Anahtar Kelimeler : Teleost, Osmoregulation, Potassium, Survival, Killifish, Larvae
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 164
Sayfa: 572-578
23
Evidence for sodium-linked ammonia transport in cultured gill epithelia from freshwater trout
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
T. Tsui , C. Wood
Yıl :
2007
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.071
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 146
Sayfa: S70
24
P5 General plant biology
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yıl :
2004
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpb.2004.01.022
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 137
Sayfa: 199-221
25
Thermal tolerance of various larval stages of the Southern kelp crab Taliepus dentatus
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Daniela Storch , Miriam Fernández , Sergio Navarrete , Hans-O. Poertner
Yıl :
2009
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.520
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 2
Cilt: 153
Sayfa: S58
26
The effect of blade design on fracture toughness in biological materials
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
P. Anderson
Yıl :
2008
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.108
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 150
Sayfa: S74
27
Inter-sexual differences in resting metabolic rates in the Texas tarantula, Aphonopelma anax
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Cara Shillington
Yıl :
2005
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Intra-specific variation in life history and mating strategies can lead to differences in energy allocation and expenditure in males and females. This may, in turn, explain large-scale evolutionary patterns. In this study, I investigated the effects of body mass, temperature and sex on resting metabolic rates (RMRs) in sexually mature male and female tarantulas (Aphonopelma anax (Chamberlin)), a species that exhibits extreme inter-sexual differences in life history after reaching sexual maturity. RMRs were measured as rates of CO2 production in an open-flow respirometry system at 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. These temperatures are typical to what this species experiences under natural conditions. In addition, a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 0.92 was calculated from rates of CO2 production and O2 consumption in a closed, constant-volume respirometry system. As expected, RMRs increased with increasing temperature and body mass. However, after adjusting for the influence of body mass, males had substantially higher metabolic rates than females at each temperature. This higher metabolic rate is proposed as an adaptive strategy to support higher energetic demands for males during their active, locomotory search for females during the mating season.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.09.010
Anahtar Kelimeler : Arachnids, Resting metabolic rates, Sexual differences, Sexual selection
ISSN: 1095-6433
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 142
Sayfa: 439-445
28
Salinity alters snakeskin and mesh transcript abundance and permeability in midgut and Malpighian tubules of larval mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Sima Jonusaite , Andrew Donini , Scott P. Kelly
Yıl :
2017
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
This study examined the distribution and localization of the septate junction (SJ) proteins snakeskin (Ssk) and mesh in osmoregulatory organs of larval mosquito (Aedes aegypti), as well as their response to altered environmental salt levels. Ssk and mesh transcripts and immunoreactivity were detected in tissues of endodermal origin such as the midgut and Malpighian tubules of A. aegypti larvae, but not in ectodermally derived hindgut and anal papillae. Immunolocalization of Ssk and mesh in the midgut and Malpighian tubules indicated that both proteins are concentrated at regions of cell-cell contact between epithelial cells. Transcript abundance of ssk and mesh was higher in the midgut and Malpighian tubules of brackish water (BW, 30% SW) reared A. aegypti larvae when compared with freshwater (FW) reared animals. Therefore, [3H]polyethylene glycol (MW 400 Da, PEG-400) flux was examined across isolated midgut and Malpighian tubule preparations as a measure of their paracellular permeability. It was found that PEG-400 flux was greater across the midgut of BW versus FW larvae while the Malpighian tubules of BW-reared larvae had reduced PEG-400 permeability in conjunction with increased Cl− secretion compared to FW animals. Taken together, data suggest that Ssk and mesh are found in smooth SJs (sSJs) of larval A. aegypti and that their abundance alters in association with changes in epithelial permeability when larvae reside in water of differing salt content. This latter observation suggests that Ssk and mesh play a role in the homeostatic control of salt and water balance in larval A. aegypti.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.12.015
Anahtar Kelimeler : Mosquito, Osmoregulatory epithelia, Midgut permeability, Smooth septate junctions, Snakeskin, Mesh
ISSN: 1095-6433
Cilt: 205
Sayfa: 58-67
29
Regulation of NaK2Cl cotransport by protein phosphorylation
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
PW Flatman , J Creanor
Yıl :
1999
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90238-6
ISSN: 1095-6433
Cilt: 124
Sayfa: S60

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