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1
Regulation of FoxP3+ Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells by Retinoids
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Clinical and Developmental Immunology
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Kim
Yıl :
2008
Chang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1155/2008/416910
Cilt: 2008
Sınıflandırma :
2
Homeostatic and pathogenic extramedullary hematopoiesis
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Journal of Blood Medicine
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H Kim
Yıl :
2010
Chang H Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Chang H KimLaboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USAAbstract: Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EH) is defined as hematopoiesis occurring in organs outside of the bone marrow; it occurs in diverse conditions, including fetal development, normal immune responses, and pathological circumstances. During fetal development, before formation of mature marrow, EH occurs in the yolk sac, fetal liver, and spleen. EH also occurs during active immune responses to pathogens. Most frequently, this response occurs in the spleen and liver for the production of antigen-presenting cells and phagocytes. EH also occurs when the marrow becomes inhabitable for stem and progenitor cells in certain pathological conditions, including myelofibrosis, where marrow cells are replaced with collagenous connective tissue fibers. Thus, EH occurs either actively or passively in response to diverse changes in the hematopoietic environment. This article reviews the key features and regulators of the major types of EH.Keywords: myelopoiesis, cytokines, myeloid derived suppressor cells, T cells, infection, dendritic cells, FoxP3, myelofibrosis
ISSN: 1179-2736
Cilt: 2010
Sayı: default
Sayfa: 13 - 19
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Hematoloji %98
3
Host and microbial factors in regulation of T cells in the intestine
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Immunology
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H Kim
Yıl :
2013
Chang H Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
The intestine is divided into specialized tissue areas that provide distinct microenvironments for T cells. Regulation of T cell responses in the gut has been a major focus of recent research activities in the field. T cells in the intestine are regulated by the interplay between host and microbial factors. In the small intestine, retinoic acid (RA) is a major tissue factor that plays important roles in regulation of immune responses. In the large intestine, the influence of RA diminishes, but that of commensal bacterial products increases. RA, gut microbiota, and inflammatory mediators co-regulate differentiation, distribution, and/or effector functions of T cells. Coordinated regulation of immune responses by these factors promotes well-balanced immunity and immune tolerance. Dysregulation of this process can increase infection and inflammatory diseases.
DOI : 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00141
Anahtar Kelimeler : Dendritic Cells, T cells, Foxp3, intestine, Retinoic acid
ISSN: 1664-3224
Cilt: 4
Sınıflandırma :
4
B cell-helping functions of gut microbial metabolites
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Microbial Cell
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Kim
Yıl :
2016
Chang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Commensal microflora profoundly affects the host immune system. It has long been observed that commensal bacteria enhance antibody production in the host by producing antigens for B cell receptors (BCR) and ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLR). We recently reported that the microbial metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) regulate the metabolism and gene expression in B cells to promote antibody production (Kim et al. Gut Microbial Metabolites Fuel Host Antibody Responses. Cell Host & Microbe. 2016; 20(2):202-14). The B-cell helping function of SCFAs and its implication in the host immune system are discussed in this article.
DOI : 10.15698/mic2016.10.536
Anahtar Kelimeler : commensal bacteria, dietary fiber, short-chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate, B cells, antibodies, immunity
ISSN: 2311-2638
Cilt: 3
Sayı: 10
Sayfa: 529 - 531
5
Microbiota or short-chain fatty acids: which regulates diabetes?
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Cellular & Molecular Immunology
Yayıncı:
Springer Nature
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H Kim
Konu :
Biomedicine, general, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Microbiology, Antibodies, Vaccine
Yıl :
2017
Chang H Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1038/cmi.2017.57
ISSN: 2042-0226
Cilt: 15
Sayı: 2
Sayfa: 88-91
6
Crawling of effector T cells on extracellular matrix: role of integrins in interstitial migration in inflamed tissues
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Cellular & Molecular Immunology
Yayıncı:
Springer Nature
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H Kim
Konu :
Biomedicine, general, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Microbiology, Antibodies, Vaccine
Yıl :
2013
Chang H Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1038/cmi.2013.47
ISSN: 2042-0226
Cilt: 11
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 1-4
7
Migration and function of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in the hematolymphoid system
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Experimental Hematology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Kim
Yıl :
2006
Chang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
FoxP3+ T cells play critical roles in regulation of the hematolymphoid system and prevention of autoimmunity. Many FoxP3+ T cells, generated in thymus as the result of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of self antigens, preferentially migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes and spleen in a manner similar to conventional naïve T cells. FoxP3+ T cells differentiated in the periphery acquire homing phenotype to bone marrow and nonlymphoid tissues. Consistently, lymphoid- and nonlymphoid-tissue-homing FoxP3+ T cell subsets express different trafficking and chemokine receptors. FoxP3+ T cells regulate hematopoiesis by limiting the activation of immune cells and their production of hematopoietic cytokines available for stem and progenitor cells. In mice deficient in FoxP3+ T cells, aberrant regulation of hematopoiesis including excessive myelopoiesis occurs. In transplantation of allogenic hematopoietic cells, FoxP3+ T cells selectively suppress harmful graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) but leave beneficial graft-vs-leukemia (GVL) activity intact. Therefore, FoxP3+ T cells play essential roles in regulation of the hematolymphoid system in health and diseases, and are likely to be utilized as effective therapeutics for many diseases in the hematolymphoid system in the future.
DOI : 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.03.014
ISSN: 0301-472X
Sayı: 8
Cilt: 34
Sayfa: 1033-1040
Sınıflandırma :
8
A LOCUS OF THE WORD-LENGTH EFFECT ON WORD RECOGNITION
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Taylor and Francis
Dergi:
Reading Psychology
Yayıncı:
Informa UK Limited
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Lee
Yıl :
1999
Chang H. Lee
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Word length has a strong effect on visual word recognition. This study was conducted to examine the locus of the word-length effect by looking at the interacting pattern between word length and word frequency. If the interacting pattern is additive, the two variables are believed to affect separate stages. In contrast, the expanding pattern would indicate that at least some part of two effects arise in the same stage. A kind of preliminary experiment, Experiment 1, was performed to see whether the processing of word length and word frequency interact or not, using the naming task. There were more word length effects for the low-frequency word than the high-frequency word. This means the pattern of interaction was expanding. The main experiment, Experiment 2, was performed to see the interacting pattern between word length and word frequency, when the confounding variable, the recency, was controlled. The recency was controlled by repetition of all words. The interaction between length and frequency when recency was controlled was statistically significant. In addition, patterns of interaction between length and frequency did not change across the different recency conditions. Both Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that some part of the word-length effect and the word-frequency effect have the same locus. Because word frequency has the locus of a prelexical or lexical-access stage, some part of the word-length effect would occur in these stages.
DOI : 10.1080/027027199278448
ISSN: 0270-2711
Sayı: 2
Cilt: 20
Sayfa: 129-150
9
Immune regulation by microbiome metabolites.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak 1:
PubMed
Kaynak 2:
Wiley Online Library
Dergi:
Immunology
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H Kim
Yıl :
2018
Chang H Kim
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Commensal microbes and the host immune system have been co-evolved for mutual regulation. Microbes regulate the host immune system, in part, by producing metabolites. A mounting body of evidence indicates that diverse microbial metabolites profoundly regulate the immune system via host receptors and other target molecules. Immune cells express metabolite-specific receptors such as P2X7 , GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A, aryl hydrocarbon receptor precursor (AhR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), TGR5 and other molecular targets. Microbial metabolites and their receptors form an extensive array of signals to respond to changes in nutrition, health and immunological status. As a consequence, microbial metabolite signals contribute to nutrient harvest from diet, and regulate host metabolism and the immune system. Importantly, microbial metabolites bidirectionally function to promote both tolerance and immunity to effectively fight infection without developing inflammatory diseases. In pathogenic conditions, adverse effects of microbial metabolites have been observed as well. Key immune-regulatory functions of the metabolites, generated from carbohydrates, proteins and bile acids, are reviewed in this article.
DOI : 10.1111/imm.12930
Anahtar Kelimeler : barrier function, bile acids, immunity, indole, inflammation, metabolites, microbiome, short-chain fatty acids
Sınıflandırma :
10
Regulation of FoxP 3 + Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells by Retinoids
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Hindawi Limited
Dergi:
Clinical and Developmental Immunology
Yayıncı:
Hindawi
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Kim
Yıl :
2008
Chang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Vitamin A has both positive and negative regulatory functions in the immune system. While vitamin A is required for normal formation of immune cells and epithelial cell barriers, vitamin A deficiency can lead to increased inflammatory responses and tissue damage. The mechanism with which vitamin A and its metabolites such as retinoids negatively regulate inflammatory responses has not been clearly defined. Recently, it has been established that retinoids promote the generation of immune-suppressive FoxP 3 + regulatory T cells while they suppress the T cell differentiation into inflammatory Th17 cells in the periphery such as intestine. These novel functions of retinoids provide a potentially important immune regulatory mechanism. In this review, we discuss the functions of retinoids in the development of the FoxP 3 + cells and Th17 cells, the phenotype and functions of retinoid-induced FoxP 3 + T cells, and the impact of retinoid-induced FoxP 3 + T cells on the immune tolerance.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/416910
Cilt: 2008
ISSN: 2314-8861
Sınıflandırma :
11
Phonological Activation in Multi-syllabic Word Recognition
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Lee
Konu :
General Psychology, Linguistics and Language, Language and Linguistics, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Yıl :
2006
Chang H. Lee
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1007/s10936-006-9039-2
ISSN: 0090-6905 1573-6555
Sayı: 2
Cilt: 36
Sayfa: 189-189
12
Adaptive Changes in Grain-size in Morphological Processing
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Lee
Konu :
General Psychology, Linguistics and Language, Language and Linguistics, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Yıl :
2007
Chang H. Lee
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Substantial neurobiological data indicate that the dominant cortical region for printed-word recognition shifts from a temporo-parietal (dorsal) to an occipito-temporal (ventral) locus with increasing recognition experience. The circuits also have different characteristic speeds of response and word preferences. Previous evidence suggested that grain-size increased with word repetition. In the present experiment, we examined morpheme boundaries imposing a limitation on steadily increasing grain-size within a word. We manipulated the type font within a word so that it either emphasized or disguised the word’s morphemic structure. The results showed that, even after several repetitions, morphemic structure had an effect on word recognition, although eventually it did become nonsignificant. Thus, the spread of grain-size with repetition does not appear to cross morpheme boundaries easily. These results suggest that skilled, experienced, word recognition may achieve its speed, substantially, by unitizing the word’s letters within but not across its morphological units.
DOI : 10.1007/s10936-007-9059-6
Anahtar Kelimeler : Word learning, Grainsize, Morphological processing, Repetition, Mixed case
ISSN: 0090-6905 1573-6555
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 37
Sayfa: 59-67
Sınıflandırma :
13
Trafficking of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells: myths and facts
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Kim
Konu :
General Medicine, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Yıl :
2007
Chang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Fork head box P3 (FoxP3+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are specialized T cells for prevention of hyperimmune responses and autoimmunity. Tumors and pathogens can hijack FoxP3+ Tregs to evade host immune responses. There is an increasing body of evidence that trafficking of FoxP3+ Tregs is important for their effective suppression of target cells. Because of their distinctive functions and gene expression phenotype, the migratory behavior of FoxP3+ Tregs has been somewhat mystified. The myths are that they have unique trafficking receptors and migratory behaviors that are different from those of conventional T cells. Another related myth is that FoxP3+ regulatory T cell subsets have a fixed trafficking behavior from the time they are generated in the thymus. The recent progress in trafficking receptors and migratory behavior of FoxP3+ Tregs is reviewed here and the validity of these myths is examined.
DOI : 10.1007/s00005-007-0024-8
Anahtar Kelimeler : FoxP3, regulatory T cells, migration, chemokine receptor, integrin, selectin
ISSN: 0004-069X 1661-4917
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 55
Sayfa: 151-159
14
Phonological Activation in Multi-syllabic Sord Recognition
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Journal of Psycholinguistic Research
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Lee
Konu :
General Psychology, Linguistics and Language, Language and Linguistics, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology
Yıl :
2006
Chang H. Lee
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Three experiments were conducted to test the phonological recoding hypothesis in visual word recognition. Most studies on this issue have been conducted using mono-syllabic words, eventually constructing various models of phonological processing. Yet in many languages including English, the majority of words are multi-syllabic words. English includes words incorporating a silent letter in their letter strings (e.g., champa\(\underline{{\rm g}}\)ne). Such words provide an opportunity for investigating the role of phonological information in multi-syllabic words by comparing them to words that do not have the silent letter in the corresponding position (e.g., passen\(\underline{{\rm g}}\)er). The performance focus is on the effects of removing letters from words with a silent letter and from words with a non-silent letter. Three representative lexical tasks—naming, semantic categorization, lexical decision—were conducted in the present study. Stimuli that excluded a silent letter (e.g., champa_ne) were processed faster than those that excluded a sounding letter (e.g., passen_er) in the naming (Experiment 1), the semantic categorization (Experiment 2), and the lexical decision task (Experiment 3). The convergent evidence from these three experiments provides seminal proof of phonological recoding in multi-syllabic word recognition.
DOI : 10.1007/s10936-006-9029-4
Anahtar Kelimeler : Word recognition, Multi-syllabic word, Phonological recoding, Silent letter
ISSN: 0090-6905 1573-6555
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 36
Sayfa: 1-14
15
Reining in FoxP3 + regulatory T cells by the sphingosine 1‐phosphate‐S1P1 axis
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Wiley Online Library
Dergi:
Immunology & Cell Biology
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H Kim
Konu :
Immunology, Cell Biology
Yıl :
2009
Chang H Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1038/icb.2009.49
ISSN: 0818-9641
Sayı: 7
Cilt: 87
Sayfa: 502-504
16
The effect of different water managements on rice arsenic content in two arsenic-spiked soils
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
E3S Web of Conferences
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Y. , Chen Z. S.
Yıl :
2013
Chang H. Y.
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Growing rice on arsenic (As)-contaminated paddy fields may induce high As level grain production. In order to reduce the food contamination risk, the pot experiments containing two As-spiked aging soils and four water managements were conducted to evaluate the effects of water managements on rice As content. The results indicated that As concentration of Erlin soil solution was 10 to 20 times (210-520 μg/L) higher than that of Pinchen soil solution (5-20 μg/L) at early stage of experiment (0-60 days). Aerobic water treatment will decrease As level to 30-50% (108-220 μg/L) of original As concentration in Erlin soil solution. Statistic results indicated that water management was effective to reduce the rice grain As level in Erlin soil. However, the management impact was not obvious in Pinchen soil, which may be attributed to high clay or free Fe and Al content in the soil. This study suggested that keeping soil under aerobic condition for 3 weeks before rice heading can reduce the risk of rice grown at the As-contamination soil.
DOI : 10.1051/e3sconf/20130115007
Anahtar Kelimeler : arsenic contamination, water management, rice grain, aerobic condition, soil solution
ISSN: 2267-1242
Cilt: 1
Sayfa: 15007
Sınıflandırma :
17
Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Cellular & Molecular Immunology
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. KimChang H. Kim
Yıl :
2021
Chang H. KimChang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
AbstractA mounting body of evidence indicates that dietary fiber (DF) metabolites produced by commensal bacteria play essential roles in balancing the immune system. DF, considered nonessential nutrients in the past, is now considered to be necessary to maintain adequate levels of immunity and suppress inflammatory and allergic responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the major DF metabolites and mostly produced by specialized commensal bacteria that are capable of breaking down DF into simpler saccharides and further metabolizing the saccharides into SCFAs. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate a number of important biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal functions, and immunity system. This review specifically highlights the regulatory functions of DF and SCFAs in the immune system with a focus on major innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Current information regarding how SCFAs regulate innate lymphoid cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells and how these functions impact immunity, inflammation, and allergic responses are discussed.
DOI : 10.1038/s41423-020-00625-0
ISSN: 1672-7681
Sayı: 5
Cilt: 18
Sayfa: 1161-1171
18
Periarteriolar stroma cells guide T cells from the red to the white pulp in the spleen
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Cellular & Molecular Immunology
Yayıncı:
Springer Nature
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Kim , Qingyang Liu
Konu :
CD4-positive T cells, Chemokines
Yıl :
2020
Chang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
While both the spleen and lymph nodes are called secondary lymphoid tissues, how lymphocytes enter these tissues are quite different from each other. This is because the architecture of the two types of organs and the mode of lymphocyte migration into these organs are quite distinct. In the spleen, T cells are passively released in the blood flow from the arterioles in the red pulp and marginal zone area. In contrast, T cells in the blood are actively captured on high endothelial venules in lymph nodes by the coordinated actions of CCR7 and several adhesion molecules. A recent finding indicates that T cells, released in the red pulp and marginal zone areas, actively find their way to the white zone by utilizing the migration track created by periarteriolar stromal cells. This finding adds one more piece to our understanding of lymphocyte migration for effective adaptive immune responses in the spleen.
DOI : 10.1038/s41423-020-0506-8
ISSN: 2042-0226
Sayfa: 1-3
19
Regulation of common neurological disorders by gut microbial metabolites
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Experimental & Molecular Medicine
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
Jeongho Park , Chang H. Kim
Yıl :
2021
Chang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
AbstractThe gut is connected to the CNS by immunological mediators, lymphocytes, neurotransmitters, microbes and microbial metabolites. A mounting body of evidence indicates that the microbiome exerts significant effects on immune cells and CNS cells. These effects frequently result in the suppression or exacerbation of inflammatory responses, the latter of which can lead to severe tissue damage, altered synapse formation and disrupted maintenance of the CNS. Herein, we review recent progress in research on the microbial regulation of CNS diseases with a focus on major gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and secondary bile acids. Pathological changes in the CNS are associated with dysbiosis and altered levels of microbial metabolites, which can further exacerbate various neurological disorders. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these gut microbial metabolites regulate inflammatory diseases in the CNS are discussed. We highlight the similarities and differences in the impact on four major CNS diseases, i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and autism spectrum disorder, to identify common cellular and molecular networks governing the regulation of cellular constituents and pathogenesis in the CNS by microbial metabolites.
DOI : 10.1038/s12276-021-00703-x
ISSN: 1226-3613
20
Tidal Interaction as the origin of early-type dwarf galaxies in group environment
Araştırma Makalesi

Araştırma Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
arXiv
Yazar(lar) :
Sanjaya Paudel , Chang H. Ree
Konu :
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Yıl :
2014
Chang H. Ree
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
We present a sample of dwarf galaxies that suffer ongoing disruption by thetidal force of nearby massive galaxies. Analysing structural and stellarpopulation properties using the archival imaging and spectroscopic data fromthe Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), we find that they are likely a `smokinggun' example of the formation of early-type dwarf galaxies (dEs) in the galaxygroup environment through the tidal stirring. Inner cores of these galaxies arefairly intact and the observed light profiles are well fitted with the Sersicfunctions, while the tidally stretched stellar halos are prominent in the outerparts. They are all located within the 50 kpc sky-projected distance from thecenter of host galaxies and no dwarf galaxies have relative line-of-sightvelocity larger than 205 km/s to their hosts. We derive the Composite StellarPopulation (CSP) properties these galaxies by fitting the SDSS optical spectrato a multiple-burst composite stellar population model. We find that thesegalaxies accumulate a significant fraction of stellar mass within the last 1Gyr, while they contain a majority stellar population of intermediate age of 2to 4 Gyr. With these evidences, we argue that tidal stirring, particularlythrough the galaxy-galaxy interaction, might have an important role in theformation and evolution of dEs in the group environment, where the influence ofother gas stripping mechanism might be limited.
DOI : 10.1088/2041-8205/796/1/L14
Sınıflandırma :
Fizik %28
Kozmoloji %93
21
Phenotype, effector function, and tissue localization of PD-1-expressing human follicular helper T cell subsets
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
BMC Immunology
Yazar(lar) :
Hillsamer Peter , Kim Chang H , Wang Chuanwu
Yıl :
2011
Kim Chang H
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Abstract Background It is well established that PD-1 is expressed by follicular T cells but its function in regulation of human T helper cells has been unclear. We investigated the expression modality and function of PD-1 expressed by human T cells specialized in helping B cells. Results We found that PD-1-expressing T cells are heterogeneous in PD-1 expression. We identified three different PD-1-expressing memory T cell subsets (i.e. PD-1low (+), PD-1medium (++), and PD-1high (+++) cells). PD-1+++ T cells expressed CXCR5 and CXCR4 and were localized in the rim of germinal centers. PD-1+ or PD-1++ cells expressed CCR7 and were present mainly in the T cell area or other parts of the B cell follicles. Utilizing a novel antigen density-dependent magnetic sorting (ADD-MS) method, we isolated the three T cell subsets for functional characterization. The germinal center-located PD-1+++ T cells were most efficient in helping B cells and in producing IL-21 and CXCL13. Other PD-1-expressing T cells, enriched with Th1 and Th17 cells, were less efficient than PD-1+++ T cells in these capacities. PD-1+++ T cells highly expressed Ki-67 and therefore appear active in cell activation and proliferation in vivo. IL-2 is a cytokine important for proliferation and survival of the PD-1+++ T cells. In contrast, IL-21, while a major effector cytokine produced by the PD-1-expressing T helper cells, had no function in generation, survival, or proliferation of the PD-1-expressing helper T cells at least in vitro. PD-1 triggering has a suppressive effect on the proliferation and B cell-helping function of PD-1+++ germinal center T cells. Conclusion Our results revealed the phenotype and effector function of PD-1-expressing T helper cell subsets and indicate that PD-1 restrains the B cell-helping function of germinal center-localized T cells to prevent excessive antibody response.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2172-12-53
ISSN: 1471-2172
Cilt: 12
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 53
Sınıflandırma :
22
Colonization and effector functions of innate lymphoid cells in mucosal tissues
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Microbes and Infection
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Myunghoo Kim , Chang H. Kim
Yıl :
2016
Chang H. Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) protect mucosal barrier tissues to fight infection and maintain tissue integrity. ILCs and their progenitors are developmentally programmed to migrate, differentiate and populate various mucosal tissues and associated lymphoid tissues. Functionally mature ILC subsets respond to diverse pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites in subset-specific manners. In this review, we will discuss how ILCs populate mucosal tissues and regulate immune responses to distinct pathogens to protect the host and maintain tissue integrity.
DOI : 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.06.005
ISSN: 1286-4579
Sayı: 10
Cilt: 18
Sayfa: 604-614
Sınıflandırma :
23
Are onsets and codas important in processing letter position? A comparison of TL effects in English and Korean
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Journal of Memory and Language
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Lee , Marcus Taft
Yıl :
2009
Chang H. Lee
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
When two consonants within an English word were transposed to create a nonword, difficulty in lexical decision responses to that nonword was revealed, most strongly when the coda of the first syllable was exchanged with the onset of the second (e.g., nakpin derived from napkin), but also when onsets were exchanged between syllables (e.g., kapnin) as well as codas (e.g., nankip). The latter findings are incompatible with current models of letter processing. Moreover, such transposed letter (TL) effects were shown to be considerably reduced in Hangul, the alphabetic script used in Korean. Because Hangul physically demarcates the onset and coda positions for every consonant, it is argued that it is ambiguity in assignment of a consonant to an onset or coda slot that leads to the TL effect in a linear script such as English. Such a conclusion implies that models of letter processing should incorporate the involvement of subsyllabic structure, something that is currently lacking.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jml.2009.01.002
Anahtar Kelimeler : Korean lexical processing, Letter position, Onsets and codas, Orthographic processing, Subsyllabic processing, Transposed letter effect
ISSN: 0749-596X
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 60
Sayfa: 530-542
Sınıflandırma :
24
E2F transcription factor 8 promotes cell proliferation via CCND1/p21 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
OncoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H , Song J , Wu J , Zhang Y
Yıl :
2018
Chang H
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Huiwen Chang, Jianxiang Song, Jixiang Wu, Yajun Zhang Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yancheng Third People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, PR China Purpose: E2F transcription factor 8 (E2F8) is a novel member of the E2F family, but its function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to research the function of E2F8 in ESCC. Materials and methods: We used quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses to detect the expression pattern of E2F8 in ESCC. The effects of E2F8 on proliferation were investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, and colony formation assays. We also confirmed the function of E2F8 in vivo. Results: E2F8 expression was upregulated in ESCC, and promoted cell proliferation and influenced the expression of CCND1/p21. Downregulation of E2F8 expression inhibited cell proliferation in vivo. Conclusion: E2F8 was identified as a new potential oncogene in ESCC. Keywords: E2F8, cell cycle, ESCC, cell proliferation
Anahtar Kelimeler : cell cycle, cell proliferation
ISSN: 1178-6930
Cilt: 11
Sayfa: 8165 - 8173
Sınıflandırma :
25
Optimal delivery of follow-up care following pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Lung Cancer : Targets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Chen YY , Huang TW , Chang H , Lee SC
Yıl :
2016
Chang H
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Ying-Yi Chen, Tsai-Wang Huang, Hung Chang, Shih-Chun LeeDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Introduction: The rationale for oncologic surveillance following pulmonary lobectomy is to detect recurrent disease or a second primary lung cancer early enough so that an intervention can increase survival and/or improve quality of life. Therefore, we reviewed literature for international guidelines and reorganized these useful factors associated with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence as remedies in postoperative follow-up. Method: The population of interest for this review was patients who had been treated with complete resection for primary NSCLC and were in follow-up. Result: Guidelines on follow-up care for NSCLC vary internationally. Because of the production of progressive medical modalities, the current follow-up care should be corrected. Conclusion: The specific follow-up schedule for computed tomography imaging may be more or less frequent, depending upon risk factors for recurrence. Many different predictors of postoperative recurrence may help to optimize the patient selection for specified surveillance guidelines and personalized adjuvant therapies to prevent possibly occult micrometastases and to get a better outcome. Keywords: lung cancer, follow-up, surveillance, recurrence
Anahtar Kelimeler : Lung cancer, follow-up, surveillance, recurrence
ISSN: 1179-2728
Cilt: 2016
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 29 - 34
Sınıflandırma :
26
Optimal population of FoxP3+ T cells in tumors requires an antigen priming-dependent trafficking receptor switch.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Chuanwu Wang , Jee H Lee , Chang H Kim
Yıl :
2012
Chang H Kim
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
FoxP3(+) T cells populate tumors and regulate anti-tumor immunity. The requirement for optimal population of FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells in tumors remains unclear. We investigated the migration requirement and stability of tumor-associated FoxP3(+) T cells. We found that only memory, but not naïve, FoxP3(+) T cells are highly enriched in tumors. Almost all of the tumor-infiltrating FoxP3(+) T cells express Helios, an antigen associated either with thymus-generated FoxP3(+) T cells or activated T cells in the periphery. The tumor-infiltrating FoxP3(+) T cells largely lack CD62L and CCR7, two trafficking receptors required for T cell migration into secondary lymphoid tissues. Instead, the tumor infiltrating FoxP3(+) T cells highly express memory/tumor-associated CCR8 and CXCR4. Antigen priming is required for induction of this trafficking receptor phenotype in FoxP3(+) T cells and only antigen primed, but not antigen-inexperienced naive, FoxP3(+) T cells can efficiently migrate into tumors. While the migration of FoxP3(+) T cells into tumors was a readily detectable event, generation of induced FoxP3(+) T cells within tumors was unexpectedly inefficient. Genetic marking of current and ex-FoxP3(+) T cells revealed that tumor-infiltrating FoxP3(+) T cells are highly stable and do not readily convert back to FoxP3(-) T cells. Taken together, our results indicate that population of tumors with thymus-generated FoxP3(+) T cells requires an antigen priming-dependent trafficking receptor switch in lymphoid tissues.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0030793
ISSN: 1932-6203
Cilt: 7
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: e30793
Sınıflandırma :
27
Conceptual study on air ingress mitigation for VHTRs
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Nuclear Engineering and Design
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Oh , Eung Soo Kim
Yıl :
2012
Chang H. Oh
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
An air ingress accident following a postulated pipe break is considered a critical event for a very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR) safety. Following helium depressurization, it is anticipated that air will enter the core through the break leading to oxidation of the in-core graphite structures. Under extreme circumstances and without mitigation features this accident may lead to exothermic chemical reactions between graphite and oxygen depending on the accident scenario and the design. Under extreme circumstances (beyond design basis), a loss of structural integrity may occur in some core structures and lead to elevated release of radiological inventory for the fuel matrix. This paper discusses various air ingress mitigation concepts applicable for the VHTRs that would prevent core damage even in the most extreme scenarios. The study begins with identifying important factors (or phenomena) associated with the air ingress accident using root-cause analysis. By preventing main causes of the important events identified in the root-cause diagram, the basic air ingress mitigation ideas were conceived and developed. Among them, two concepts were finally evaluated as effective candidates. One concept is to inject helium directly into the lower plenum (direct in-vessel injection); the other concept is to enclose the reactor with a non-pressure boundary with an opening at the bottom (ex-vessel enclosure). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods were used to evaluate these concepts for proof of these principles. Results indicate that both concepts can effectively suppress air ingress. In the first concept, the buoyancy of the injected helium replaces the air in the core and the upper part of lower plenum. This prevents air from moving into the reactor core and shows the most potential for mitigating graphite oxidation within the vessel. In the second concept, air ingress is limited by molecular diffusion through the opening at the enclosure bottom, a very slow process that allows sufficient time for the core to cool. Existing VHTR concepts can be modified to accommodate either of these mitigation concepts.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2012.04.021
Anahtar Kelimeler : VHTR, Air ingress, Mitigation, Helium injection, Cavity enclosure
ISSN: 0029-5493
Cilt: 250
Sayfa: 448-464
Sınıflandırma :
28
Theoretical study on the change of the particle extinction coefficient during the aerosol dynamic processes
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Journal of Aerosol Science
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Jung , Yong P. Kim
Yıl :
2008
Chang H. Jung
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
In this study, the effects of aerosol dynamics on the aerosol optical properties were analytically investigated using an approximated expression for the overall extinction coefficient (bext), which was valid for a wide range of particle size. The processes of both coagulation and condensation in the continuum region were considered using the moment method, with an overall extinction coefficient obtained from the harmonic mean between the overall particle extinction coefficient of the Rayleigh scattering and geometric scattering regions. The derived analytical expressions were compared with the asymptotic expressions of the extinction coefficient, which showed that the obtained expressions ultimately approached the asymptotic expressions. Subsequently, this study showed a simple and straightforward method for estimating the changes in the extinction coefficient and visibility of polydispersed aerosols during aerosol dynamic processes. The accuracy of the approximated overall coefficient was dependent on a given aerosol refractive index and size parameter. Usually, the error was less than 8% for an average size parameter range of 0–80.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.06.003
Anahtar Kelimeler : Extinction coefficient, Coagulation, Condensation, Asymptotic expression, Analytic expression, Continuum region
ISSN: 0021-8502
Sayı: 10
Cilt: 39
Sayfa: 904-916
Sınıflandırma :
29
Critical heat flux for low flow boiling in vertical uniformly heated thin rectangular channels
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Chang H. Oh , Stan B. Englert
Yıl :
1993
Chang H. Oh
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Steady-state, subcooled, low flow, critical heat flux (CHF) experiments simulating natural convection boiling are performed in a thin rectangular vertical channel. The aluminum channel is heated on one side: the other side of the channel is a Pyrex window allowing visual observation of the CHF event. Both upward and downward flow conditions are tested with exit pressure varying from 20 to 85 kPa. inlet water temperature varying from 295 to 343 K (inlet subcooling = 5–72 K). and mass flux varying from 30 to 80 kgs−1 m−2. Measured test results indicate downward flow dryout CHF occurring at 85% of upward flow dryout CHF values. This percentage is believed to result from the flow instability and reduced inlet subcooling induced by the counter-current flow. New dryout CHF correlations for low flow rates, representative of natural convection boiling, are recommended for both upward and downward flow.
DOI : 10.1016/0017-9310(93)80008-i
ISSN: 0017-9310
Sayı: 2
Cilt: 36
Sayfa: 325-335
Sınıflandırma :

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