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The incidence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic patients: A systematic review
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Yazar(lar) :
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2020
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Background: The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread globally since its discovery in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A comprehensive strategy – including surveillance, diagnostics, research, and clinical treatment – is urgently needed to win the battle against COVID-19. Recently, numerous studies have reported the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients. Yet, the incidence and viral transmission from the asymptomatic cases are not yet apparent. Aim: To estimate the incidence of COVID-19 among asymptomatic cases and describe its epidemiological and clinical significance this review systematically examined the published literature on SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients. Methods: The literature was searched through four scientific databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. Results: Sixty-three studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The majority of the reported studies were from China. However, there was a lack of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological studies, from several countries worldwide, tracing the actual incidence of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic patients. Studies with a large sample size (>1000) estimated that the percentage of people contracting SARS-CoV-2 and likely to be asymptomatic ranged from 1.2–12.9%. However, other studies with a smaller sample size reported a much higher incidence and indicated that up to 87.9% of COVID-19 infected individuals could be asymptomatic. Most of these studies indicated that asymptopatics are a potential source of infection to the community. Conclusion: This review highlighted the need for more robust and well-designed studies to better estimate COVID-19 incidence among asymptomatic patients worldwide. Early identification of asymptomatic cases, as well as monitoring and tracing close contacts, could help in mitigating the spread of COVID-19.
Anahtar Kelimeler : COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Asymptomatic carrier, Viruses, Incidence
Cilt: 98
Sayfa: 372 - 380
Sınıflandırma :
2
The Spectrum of Mutations of Homocystinuria in the MENA Region
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak 1:
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Kaynak 2:
MDPI
Yazar(lar) :
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2020
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Homocystinuria is an inborn error of metabolism due to the deficiency in cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) enzyme activity. It leads to the elevation of both homocysteine and methionine levels in the blood and urine. Consequently, this build-up could lead to several complications such as nearsightedness, dislocated eye lenses, a variety of psychiatric and behavioral disorders, as well as vascular system complications. The prevalence of homocystinuria is around 1/200,000 births worldwide. However, its prevalence in the Gulf region, notably Qatar, is exceptionally high and reached 1:1800. To date, more than 191 pathogenic CBS mutations have been documented. The majority of these mutations were identified in Caucasians of European ancestry, whereas only a few mutations from African-Americans or Asians were reported. Approximately 87% of all CBS mutations are missense and do not target the CBS catalytic site, but rather result in unstable misfolded proteins lacking the normal biological function, designating them for degradation. The early detection of homocystinuria along with low protein and methionine-restricted diet is the best treatment approach for all types of homocystinuria patients. Yet, less than 50% of affected individuals show a significant reduction in plasma homocysteine levels after treatment. Patients who fail to lower the elevated homocysteine levels, through high protein-restricted diet or by B6 and folic acid supplements, are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, neural tube defects, and other severe clinical complications. This review aims to examine the mutations spectrum of the CBS gene, the disease management, as well as the current and potential treatment approaches with a greater emphasis on studies reported in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
DOI : 10.3390/genes11030330
Anahtar Kelimeler : homocystinuria, cystathionine β-synthase, mutations
ISSN: 2073-4425
Cilt: 11
Sayı: 3
Sayfa: 330
Sınıflandırma :
3
Seroprevalence and incidence of hepatitis E virus among blood donors: A review
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Wiley Online Library
Dergi:
Reviews in Medical Virology
Yazar(lar) :
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Amin F. Majdalawieh , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2017
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an RNA virus with 4 main genotypes. HEV‐1 and HEV‐2 infect solely humans, while HEV‐3 and HEV‐4 infect humans and various animals such as pigs, deer, and rabbits. HEV‐5 and HEV‐6 infect mainly wild boar. Recently, new genotypes, known as HEV‐7 and HEV‐8, were found to infect camels and humans. HEV is globally distributed into different epidemiological patterns based on socioeconomic factors and ecology. Although HEV is mainly transmitted through the fecal‐oral route, it was also recognized as a transfusion‐transmitted virus. Transmission through blood donation was documented worldwide with rising annual observations, accounting for more than 2.5% of all transmissions. HEV infection is usually asymptomatic or subclinical in immunocompetent individuals, so it remains questionable whether there is an urgent need to screen for HEV prior to blood transfusion. Moreover, recent studies conducted in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region indicate that HEV is highly endemic. Here, we provide a review on HEV epidemiology, transmission, and laboratory diagnosis, giving special emphasis to the newly discovered genotypes, HEV‐7 and HEV‐8. Furthermore, we underscore the findings of recent HEV seroprevalence and viremia studies among blood donors worldwide. We also shed light on similar studies performed among blood donors in the MENA region.
DOI : 10.1002/rmv.1937
ISSN: 1052-9276
Sayı: 5
Cilt: 27
Sayfa: e1937
4
Epstein-Barr Virus Epidemiology, Serology, and Genetic Variability of LMP-1 Oncogene Among Healthy Population: An Update.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
Front Oncol
Yazar(lar) :
Maria K Smatti , Duaa W Al-Sadeq , Nadima H Ali , Gianfranco Pintus , Haissam Abou-Saleh , Gheyath K Nasrallah
Yıl :
2018
Duaa W Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA lymphotropic herpesvirus and the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. EBV is highly prevalent since it affects more than 90% of individuals worldwide and has been linked to several malignancies including PTLDs, which are one of the most common malignancies following transplantation. Among all the EBV genes, most of the recent investigations focused on studying the LMP-1 oncogene because of its high degree of polymorphism and association with tumorigenic activity. There are two main EBV genotypes, Type 1 and 2, distinguished by the differences in the EBNA-2 gene. Further sub genotyping can be characterized by analyzing the LMP-1 gene variation. The virus primarily transmits through oral secretions and persists as a latent infection in human B-cells. However, it can be transmitted through organ transplantations and blood transfusions. In addition, symptoms of EBV infection are not distinguishable from other viral infections, and therefore, it remains questionable whether there is a need to screen for EBV prior to blood transfusion. Although the process of leukoreduction decreases the viral copies present in the leukocytes, it does not eliminate the risk of EBV transmission through blood products. Here, we provide a review of the EBV epidemiology and the genetic variability of the oncogene LMP-1. Then, we underscore the findings of recent EBV seroprevalence and viremia studies among blood donors as a highly prevalent transfusion transmissible oncovirus.
DOI : 10.3389/fonc.2018.00211
Anahtar Kelimeler : Epsteinu2013Barr virus, LMP-1 oncogene, blood donors, seroprevalence, transfusion, viremia
Sınıflandırma :
5
Challenges in Laboratory Diagnosis of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak 1:
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Kaynak 2:
MDPI
Dergi:
Viruses
Yazar(lar) :
Nadin Younes , Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Hadeel AL-Jighefee , Salma Younes , Ola Al-Jamal , Hanin I. Daas , Hadi. M. Yassine , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2020
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
The recent outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide since its discovery in Wuhan city, China in December 2019. A comprehensive strategy, including surveillance, diagnostics, research, clinical treatment, and development of vaccines, is urgently needed to win the battle against COVID-19. The past three unprecedented outbreaks of emerging human coronavirus infections at the beginning of the 21st century have highlighted the importance of readily available, accurate, and rapid diagnostic technologies to contain emerging and re-emerging pandemics. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based assays performed on respiratory specimens remain the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics. However, point-of-care technologies and serologic immunoassays are rapidly emerging with high sensitivity and specificity as well. Even though excellent techniques are available for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in well-equipped laboratories; critical gaps still remain in screening asymptomatic people who are in the incubation phase of the virus, as well as in the accurate determination of live viral shedding during convalescence to inform decisions for ending isolation. This review article aims to discuss the currently available laboratory methods and surveillance technologies available for the detection of COVID-19, their performance characteristics and highlight the gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and finally, propose potential solutions. We also summarize the specifications of the majority of the available commercial kits (PCR, EIA, and POC) for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.
DOI : 10.3390/v12060582
Anahtar Kelimeler : COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, viruses, diagnostic challenges, molecular testing, serology
ISSN: 1999-4915
Cilt: 12
Sayı: 582
Sayfa: 582
Sınıflandırma :
6
Epstein–Barr Virus Epidemiology, Serology, and Genetic Variability of LMP-1 Oncogene Among Healthy Population: An Update
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Oncology
Yazar(lar) :
Maria K. Smatti , Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Nadima H. Ali , Gianfranco Pintus , Haissam Abou-Saleh , Gheyath K. Nasrallah , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2018
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA lymphotropic herpesvirus and the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. EBV is highly prevalent since it affects more than 90% of individuals worldwide and has been linked to several malignancies including PTLDs, which are one of the most common malignancies following transplantation. Among all the EBV genes, most of the recent investigations focused on studying the LMP-1 oncogene because of its high degree of polymorphism and association with tumorigenic activity. There are two main EBV genotypes, Type 1 and 2, distinguished by the differences in the EBNA-2 gene. Further sub genotyping can be characterized by analyzing the LMP-1 gene variation. The virus primarily transmits through oral secretions and persists as a latent infection in human B-cells. However, it can be transmitted through organ transplantations and blood transfusions. In addition, symptoms of EBV infection are not distinguishable from other viral infections, and therefore, it remains questionable whether there is a need to screen for EBV prior to blood transfusion. Although the process of leukoreduction decreases the viral copies present in the leukocytes, it does not eliminate the risk of EBV transmission through blood products. Here, we provide a review of the EBV epidemiology and the genetic variability of the oncogene LMP-1. Then, we underscore the findings of recent EBV seroprevalence and viremia studies among blood donors as a highly prevalent transfusion transmissible oncovirus.
DOI : 10.3389/fonc.2018.00211
Anahtar Kelimeler : blood donors, Epsteinu2013Barr virus, LMP-1 oncogene, seroprevalence, transfusion, viremia
ISSN: 2234-943X
Cilt: 8
Sınıflandırma :
7
The Current Status of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Prevalence in the MENA Region: A Systematic Review
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Pathogens
Yazar(lar) :
Hassan Al Mana , Hadi M. Yassine , Nadin N. Younes , Anjud Al-Mohannadi , Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Dalal Alhababi , Elham A. Nasser , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2019
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), CMV infects people of all ages, and by the age of five, approximately one-third of children in the United States are infected. Although the infection is generally asymptomatic, it can cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients, transplant and transfusion recipients, as well as newborn neonates. The objective of this study is to systematically review published literature on CMV in the MENA region to estimate its incidence in the region and describe its epidemiological and clinical significance. The literature was searched through four scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. A total of 72 studies from 11 countries satisfied the inclusion criteria, covering a period from 1988−2019. The CMV IgG seroprevalence ranged from 8.7%−99.2% (SD = 38.95%). CMV incidence in these countries ranged between 1.22% and 77% in transplant and transfusion recipients, with an increase in incidence with advanced age. However, the incidence rate was unclear for congenital CMV due to the variability of the reporting. This review highlights the need for more robust and well-designed studies to better estimate CMV incidence in the MENA region, standardize diagnostic criteria, and consider prophylactic and pre-emptive treatments to limit the morbidity and mortality of the disease.
DOI : 10.3390/pathogens8040213
Anahtar Kelimeler : cytomegalovirus, transplantation, transfusion, congenital, mena region
ISSN: 2076-0817
Cilt: 8
Sayı: 4
Sayfa: 213
Sınıflandırma :
8
Pyridoxine non-responsive p.R336C mutation alters the molecular properties of cystathionine beta-synthase leading to severe homocystinuria phenotype
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
Yayıncı:
Elsevier BV
Yazar(lar) :
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Angelos Thanassoulas , Zeyaul Islam , Prasanna Kolatkar , Nader Al-Dewik , Bared Safieh-Garabedian , Gheyath K. Nasrallah , Michail Nomikos
Yıl :
2022
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
• The prevalence of homocystinuria in Qatar is 1:1800, mainly due to a founder missense mutation p.R336C. • The cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) R336C mutant was bacterially expressed, purified and its molecular properties were compared to CBS wild type (WT) recombinant protein. • Our data revealed that p.R336C mutation results in a dramatic reduction (∼86%) of CBS enzymatic activity. • Circular Dichroism experiments suggested that the p.R336C mutation does not significantly alter the secondary structure of the CBS protein. • CD spectra also revealed distinct differences in the thermal unfolding mechanisms of CBS WT and R336C mutant protein species. • Chemical denaturation experiments indicated that the WT CBS protein is thermodynamically more stable than the R336C mutant, suggesting a destabilizing effect of the p.R336C mutation. • This study provides mechanistic insight into the pathogenicity of the p.R336C mutation that leads to a severe homocystinuria phenotype.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130148
Anahtar Kelimeler : Homocystinuria, Cystathionine beta-synthase, R336C mutation, Biochemical characterization, Biophysical characterization
ISSN: 0304-4165
Sayı: 7
Cilt: 1866
Sayfa: 130148
9
Corrigendum: Performance evaluation of five commercial assays in assessing seroprevalence of HEV antibodies among blood donors.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
J. Med. Microbiol.
Yazar(lar) :
Enas S Al-Absi , Duaa W Al-Sadeq , Manaf H Younis , Hadi M Yassine , Omnya M Abdalla , Areej G Mesleh , Tameem A Hadwan , Joshua O Amimo , Lukman Thalib , Gheyath K Nasrallah
Yıl :
2018
Duaa W Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1099/jmm.0.000880
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Viroloji %100
10
Performance evaluation of five commercial assays in assessing seroprevalence of HEV antibodies among blood donors.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
J. Med. Microbiol.
Yazar(lar) :
Enas S Al-Absi , Duaa W Al-Sadeq , Manaf H Younis , Hadi M Yassine , Omnya M Abdalla , Areej G Mesleh , Tameem A Hadwan , Joshua O Amimo , Lukman Thalib , Gheyath K Nasrallah
Konu :
Adolescent, Adult, Blood Donors, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Hepatitis Antibodies, Hepatitis E, Hepatitis E virus, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin M, Male, Middle Aged, Sensitivity and Specificity, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Young Adult
Yıl :
2018
Duaa W Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mainly transmitted via the faecal-oral route, the rate of HEV transmission via blood donation is on the rise. However, the seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors is not well established and is thought to be affected by the type of diagnostic assay used. We aimed to evaluate performance and correlation among widely used commercial diagnostic assays for the seroprevalence assessment of HEV-IgM/IgG among blood donors.
DOI : 10.1099/jmm.0.000807
Anahtar Kelimeler : Assay performance, Blood donors, EIA, HEV, IgG, IgM, Seroprevalence
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Viroloji %100
11
Hepatitis B Virus Molecular Epidemiology, Host-Virus Interaction, Coinfection, and Laboratory Diagnosis in the MENA Region: An Update
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak 1:
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Kaynak 2:
MDPI
Dergi:
Pathogens
Yazar(lar) :
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Sara A. Taleb , Roan E. Zaied , Sara M. Fahad , Maria K. Smatti , Balsam R. Rizeq , Asmaa A. Al Thani , Hadi M. Yassine , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2019
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped partial double-stranded DNA virus that can cause acute and chronic hepatitis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 257 million people are living with HBV. Moreover, 20,900 acute hepatitis B cases were reported in 2016. Hepatitis B is highly prevalent in the African, Western Pacific, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia, and European regions, respectively. Due to the high mutational rate of HBV and lack of reverse transcriptase proofreading activity, ten different genotypes with different geographical distributions have been identified. HBV pathogenesis and severity of infection depend on several host and viral factors, particularly, the genetic variability of both the host and virus. Although HBV infection is a global health concern, there is a lack of adequate studies and reports in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Here, we provide a review on HBV epidemiology, pathogenesis, host–pathogen interactions, coinfection with selected viruses, and laboratory diagnosis, focusing on studies conducted in the MENA region to determine the current situation of the HBV infection and outline the future study areas.
DOI : 10.3390/pathogens8020063
Anahtar Kelimeler : seroprevalence, genotypes, pathogenesis, transfusion, viremia
ISSN: 2076-0817
Cilt: 8
Sayı: 2
Sayfa: 63
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Viroloji %96
12
Analytic comparison between three high-throughput commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays reveals minor discrepancies in a high-incidence population
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Scientific Reports
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
Gheyath K. Nasrallah , Soha R. Dargham , Farah Shurrab , Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Hadeel Al-Jighefee , Hiam Chemaitelly , Zaina Al Kanaani , Abdullatif Al Khal , Einas Al Kuwari , Peter Coyle , Andrew Jeremijenko , Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal , Ali Nizar Latif , Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik , Hanan F. Abdul Rahim , Hadi M. Yassine , Mohamed G. Al Kuwari , Hamda Qotba , Hamad Eid Al Romaihi , Patrick Tang , Roberto Bertollini , Mohamed H. Al-Thani , Asmaa A. Althani , Laith J. Abu-RaddadGheyath K. Nasrallah , Soha R. Dargham , Farah Shurrab , Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Hadeel Al-Jighefee , Hiam Chemaitelly , Zaina Al Kanaani , Abdullatif Al Khal , Einas Al Kuwari , Peter Coyle , Andrew Jeremijenko , Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal , Ali Nizar Latif , Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik , Hanan F. Abdul Rahim , Hadi M. Yassine , Mohamed G. Al Kuwari , Hamda Qotba , Hamad Eid Al Romaihi , Patrick Tang , Roberto Bertollini , Mohamed H. Al-Thani , Asmaa A. Althani , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2021
Duaa W. Al-Sadeq Duaa W. Al-Sadeq
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
AbstractPerformance of three automated commercial serological IgG-based assays was investigated for assessing SARS-CoV-2 “ever” (past or current) infection in a population-based sample in a high exposure setting. PCR and serological testing was performed on 394 individuals. SARS-CoV-2-IgG seroprevalence was 42.9% (95% CI 38.1–47.8%), 40.6% (95% CI 35.9–45.5%), and 42.4% (95% CI 37.6–47.3%) using the CL-900i, VidasIII, and Elecsys assays, respectively. Between the three assays, overall, positive, and negative percent agreements ranged between 93.2–95.7%, 89.3–92.8%, and 93.8–97.8%, respectively; Cohen’s kappa statistic ranged from 0.86 to 0.91; and 35 specimens (8.9%) showed discordant results. Among all individuals, 12.5% (95% CI 9.6–16.1%) had current infection, as assessed by PCR. Of these, only 34.7% (95% CI 22.9–48.7%) were seropositive by at least one assay. A total of 216 individuals (54.8%; 95% CI 49.9–59.7%) had evidence of ever infection using antibody testing and/or PCR during or prior to this study. Of these, only 78.2%, 74.1%, and 77.3% were seropositive in the CL-900i, VidasIII, and Elecsys assays, respectively. All three assays had comparable performance and excellent agreement, but missed at least 20% of individuals with past or current infection. Commercial antibody assays can substantially underestimate ever infection, more so when infection rates are high.
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-021-91235-x
ISSN: 2045-2322
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 11

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