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Application of pollution risk evaluation models in groundwater systems in the vicinity of automobile scrap markets in Owerri municipal and environs, southeastern Nigeria
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Scientific African
Yazar(lar) :
Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara , Bridget Onyekachi Ibe
Yıl :
2020
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
This study is aimed at the application of risk and pollution models in evaluating the quality of groundwater samples in the vicinity of automobile scrap markets in Owerri municipal and its environs. Soil samples from the study area were analyzed using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer (EDXRF) which revealed the identities and percentages of metallic contaminants in the soil. Identified metallic pollutants were subsequently determined in the groundwater samples with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Physicochemical parameters of the water samples were ascertained using standard procedures. The EDXRF results revealed the presence of fourteen metallic pollutants in varying percentage concentrations with aluminum and iron showing the highest concentrations. Low pH values (3.98 – 4.34) were recorded in all the groundwater samples below acceptable limits, while elevated nitrate levels were observed but are however within recommended limits. High concentrations of nickel (0.18±0.03 mg/L) and lead (0.04±0.02 mg/L) above threshold values for safe drinking water were observed in the groundwater samples within the study area. Strong positive correlations were recorded for the metallic contaminants in both soil and groundwater samples. This was also confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) which grouped the metals into three and two groups for soil and water samples respectively. However, Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed that the soil and water samples were polluted mainly by two distinct sources. Single-factor pollution index (SFPI) revealed values > 0.1, as the metal index (MI) suggests serious water pollution. Both the degree of contamination (DC) and heavy metal evaluation index (HMEI) revealed medium contamination and moderate-to-heavy metal index respectively. The heavy metal pollution index (HMPI) value > 100 was recorded in the samples suggesting the unsuitability of the groundwater for drinking. Hazard quotient (HQ) values of all the metallic pollutants studied except Cd in sample B were lower than one (<1), and the hazard index (HI) value of sample B revealed that there could be adverse health effects due to Cd contamination. Carcinogenic risk (CR) analysis for Cd, Cr, and Pb showed values above 10−6 (> 10−6), which implies the tendency of carcinogenic risk after prolonged intake of water samples from the area. Hence, it is recommended that appropriate government agencies should as a matter of urgency provide treated pipe borne water to the area to avert possible health challenges due to the consumption of water from groundwater sources in the study area.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Automobile workshops, Carcinogenic risk, Groundwater, Pollution evaluation, Trace metals
ISSN: 2468-2276
Cilt: 8
Sayfa: e00450
Sınıflandırma :
2
Environmental and health implications of trace metal concentrations in street dusts around some electronic repair workshops in Owerri, Southeastern Nigeria.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak 1:
PubMed
Kaynak 2:
Springer Link
Dergi:
Environ Monit Assess
Yazar(lar) :
Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara , Bridget Onyekachi Ibe , Blessing Chinonso Adindu , Bright Chigozie Ichu
Yıl :
2018
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Assessment of trace metal concentrations in street-deposited sediments around some selected electronic repair workshops in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, was carried out. The objective of the study was to determine the concentrations of trace metals, namely nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn), in surface dusts from streets within some electronic repair workshops in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Dust samples were collected from seven locations within the month of January 2014 during the dry season when the onset of dust was high in the area. The samples were air-dried, sieved, and digested in aqua regia, with the concentrations of trace metals determined with atomic absorption spectroscopy, Agilant FS 240AA model (USA). Results of the study revealed all the trace metals assessed except Cr in dust sample from Aladinma (ALA). Though elevated concentrations of Zn and Cu were observed in all the sampled locations, the concentrations did not exceed the Dutch intervention values. Risk assessment of the heavy metals showed high average daily dose (ADD) of the heavy metals for children and adults at New Market 2 (NMK2), New Market 1 (NMK1), and Tetlow (TEL), which could be attributed to the presence of electronic repair workshops and activities of electronic scrap dealers within these areas. It was observed that the values of hazard quotient (HQ) were less than 1, while that of hazard index (HI) were all below 1-5, indicating that the heavy metals pose no health risk to adults and children in the environment. However, there may be potential danger if the waste generated from the electronic repair workshops and electronic scrap dealers are not properly disposed and managed.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-018-7023-6
Anahtar Kelimeler : Electronic waste, Hazard quotient, Risk assessment, Street dust, Trace metals
Sınıflandırma :
3
Influence of Urban Informal Activities on Pollutant Levels in Water and Soil of Some Cities in Northern Nigeria
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Chemistry Africa
Yazar(lar) :
Emmanuella Chinenye Onyenechere , Uwazie Iyke Uwazie , Ephraim Ikechukwu Elenwo , Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yıl :
2021
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
The effect of informal sector activities on soil and water quality in some Northern Nigerian cities (Jos and Sokoto) was studied. The work aimed at establishing the pollutant levels in soil and water due to informal economic activities in the investigated area. Samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties and heavy metal levels using standard methods. Results were compared to controls and permissible limits of Nigeria’s Department of Petroleum Resources and World Health Organization. The soils were sandy; very saline in Sokoto while Jos was non-saline, with 33% (Sokoto) and 100% (Jos) having pH of 6.0–8.0. The organic matter and organic carbon contents in soil were higher than in the control samples. The heavy metals (mg/kg) in Sokoto were Fe (9.42 ± 1.69) > Cu (2.38 ± 2.00) > Pb (1.37 ± 1.55) > Cd (0.01 ± 0.04) and Fe (15,366.85 ± 1763.57) > Cu (202.42 ± 149.97) > Pb (72.79 ± 40.82) for Jos. Cu levels were high compared to their respective controls. The soils in Sokoto were unpolluted with Cu, Fe, and Pb as Cd showed considerable to extreme pollution, while only Cu showed extreme pollution in Jos. Water samples showed low contamination with most physicochemical properties agreeing with the permissible limits. However, 100% samples in Sokoto showed a very high water quality index, indicating “unsuitability of the water for consumption, while in Jos, it was of good quality. The unsuitability of the water for consumption arises due to very high water quality index linked to elevated values of Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, and turbidity levels in most samples. Principal Component Analysis identified that both the geogenic and anthropogenic factors contributed to the contaminant levels. It could be concluded that the study was able to expose the consequences of informal sector activities on the quality of soil and water, and the associated risks.
DOI : 10.1007/s42250-021-00266-4
Anahtar Kelimeler : Informal sector, Economic activities, Ecological risks, Multivariate analysis, Pollution index, Northern Nigeria
ISSN: 2522-5758 2522-5766
Sınıflandırma :
4
Statistical analysis of atmospheric pollutant concentrations in parts of Imo State, Southeastern Nigeria
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Scientific African
Yazar(lar) :
Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara , Chidi Edbert Duru , Isiuku Beniah Obinna , Margaret Chinyelu Enedoh
Yıl :
2020
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
This study was carried out to analyze the concentrations of some atmospheric pollutants in some parts of Imo State, southeastern Nigeria using statistical techniques. In the present study, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, VOC and H2S in some parts of Imo State Southeastern Nigeria were analyzed to determine their presence, concentrations and possible sources of emission. This study also tried to establish possible relationship between pollutants spatial variation and dispersion with industrial and anthropogenic activities within the study area. The study area includes Egbema, Orlu, Okigwe and Orlu areas of Imo State, Nigeria. Air quality data was collected three times a day (morning, afternoon and evening) using the Gasman Air Monitors which was specifically used for SO2, NO2 and CO measurements, the Haze-dust Particulate Monitor 10 µm was used for PM10 data acquisition. Similarly, the Aeroqual Gas Monitor Model 300 was used for H2S measurement while the Ibrid MX6 Gas Monitor was used for VOC measurement. Results of the study revealed that the mean PM10 and CO levels in the locations exceeded the 24 h limit of 150 µg/m3 and 35 ppm of the United States National Ambient Air Quality Standards (US NAAQS) respectively. In addition, the mean concentrations of NO2 was above the annual limit of 0.053 ppm as prescribed by US NAAAQS, while the mean values of SO2 were within the annual and 1–hour limits of 0.5 ppm and 0.075 ppm respectively as stipulated by the US NAAQS. Whereas significant concentrations of H2S were not detected in the various locations, elevated concentration of VOC were recorded within Egbema area indicating possible influence from gas flaring and other crude oil related activities. The ANOVA and Box and Whisker plots revealed remarkable variations of the air pollutant concentrations in the study area. In addition, while the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) grouped the pollutants into one major group, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) further grouped them into one coherent component indicating similar source of emission. The findings of this study therefore showed the need for regular air quality monitoring of the area to forestall adverse environmental problems. Keywords: Statistical analyses, Atmospheric pollution, Wind rose, Particulate matter, Imo State
ISSN: 2468-2276
Cilt: 7
Sayfa:
Sınıflandırma :
5
Application of assessment models for pollution and health risk from effluent discharge into a tropical stream: case study of Inyishi River, Southeastern Nigeria
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Yazar(lar) :
Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara , Bridget Onyekachi Ibe , Collins Emeka Amaobi
Konu :
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pollution, General Environmental Science, General Medicine
Yıl :
2019
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Pollution and health risk assessment models were used to study the effects of effluents discharged into the Inyishi River, Ikeduru LGA, Imo State, Nigeria. The study aims at investigating the environmental health effects of wastewater effluent discharge from the aluminum extrusion company on the Inyishi River. Samples were collected from both the aluminum extrusion company and Inyishi River and analyzed for physicochemical and trace metal parameters. Models adopted for assessment include transfer factor (TF), contamination factor (Cf), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk factor (Er), water quality index (WQI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI). The results of the study revealed that pH and TH were within the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. EC values at 2235 ± 0.001 and 105 ± 0.03 μS/cm for S3 and S4 respectively were higher than the permissible standards, while the values of EC at 24.04 ± 0.03, 5.26 ± 0.005, and 0.05 ± 0.01 μS/cm respectively for S1, S2, and SR are within the WHO standard. Very high concentration of SO42− was recorded at S3, while low concentration was measured at S2. Mean values of heavy metal ions studied were within NSDWQ and WHO standards for safe drinking water except for Al, Zn, Cd, Fe, and Mn, with the mean values of metal concentrations observed in the order Al > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cd > Cr. Positive linear correlation based on heavy metal contamination was observed for samples S1 and S2 with SR. High TF values were observed in decreasing order Mn > Cd > Cr > Fe > Zn. Similarly, very high CF was observed for Cd and Al while the PLI was generally high for all the samples. Low Er values were observed for all metals except for Cd, with the mean value of Er observed in the decreasing order Cd ˃ Mn ˃ Zn ˃ Cr. The river water sample generally revealed high WQI and was thus categorized as poor quality. HQ and HI values were below unity (< 1), but might pose health risk to children in cases of prolonged dermal adsorption. In conclusion, the quality of the Inyishi River has been negatively impacted by the wastewater effluent from the aluminum extrusion company. Proper treatment of the river water is therefore recommended before use for domestic purposes as prolonged usage of the untreated water might likely pose serious environmental health risks.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-019-7936-8
Anahtar Kelimeler : Assessment models, Contamination factor, Effluent discharge, Health risk, Iyishi River, Pollution load index
ISSN: 0167-6369 1573-2959
Sayı: 12
Cilt: 191
Sınıflandırma :
6
Airborne microplastics: a review study on method for analysis, occurrence, movement and risks
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Yazar(lar) :
Christian Ebere Enyoh , Andrew Wirnkor Verla , Evelyn Ngozi Verla , Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Collins Emeka Amaobi
Konu :
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pollution, General Environmental Science, General Medicine
Yıl :
2019
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Microplastics (of size < 5 mm) pollution in our environment is of current concern by researchers, public media and non-governmental organizations. Implications by their presence in aquatic and soil ecosystems have been well studied and documented, but less attention has been paid on airborne microplastics (MPs). Studies concerning airborne microplastics started from 2016 and only a few (n = 13) have been published to date. Although, studies may increase in the following years, since air is very important for human survival. Microplastics have been observed in atmospheric fallouts in indoor and outdoor environments using a sampling or vacuum pump, rain sampler, and/or particulate fallout collector. Identification and quantification have been carried out by visual, spectroscopic, and spectrometric techniques. Factors such as meteorological, climatic, and anthropogenic influence the distribution and movement of airborne MP. Human exposure may be through inhalation, dermal, and open meal during fallout, with their potential biopersistence and translocation. Ingestion may cause localized inflammation and cancer due to responses by the immune cells, especially in individuals with compromised metabolism and poor clearance mechanisms. Ecological risks involve possible contamination of the ecosystem through a dynamic relationship of MPs in soil, water, and air forming a MP contamination cycle. The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge or information regarding microplastics in air, identifying gap in knowledge, and giving suggestions for future research.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-019-7842-0
Anahtar Kelimeler : Air pollution, Dermal route, Fibers, Food, Health risk, Inhalation, Micropollutants
ISSN: 0167-6369 1573-2959
Sayı: 11
Cilt: 191
7
Hydrogeological Characteristics and Nutrient Fluxes of a Tropical Wetland: A Case Study of the Ubibia–Awalo Inland Valley and Environs, Southeastern Nigeria
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences
Yazar(lar) :
Bridget Odochi Ubechu , Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara , Godwin Ifedilichukwu Nwankwor , Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Denis Kelechi Opara , Paulinus Ubong Udoka
Konu :
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Yıl :
2022
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Hydrological and geochemical analyses of Ubibia-Awalo Inland Valley were carried out to evaluate the study area’s hydrogeological characteristics and nutrient fluxes to ascertain its potentials for optimal utilization for enhanced agricultural activities. Fourteen (14) piezometers were installed at different points within the inland valley and were monitored for groundwater fluctuation for about two months. Similarly, the ionic concentrations of the soil nutrients, as well as the water retention capacity, were studied. Results revealed that the study area is underlain mainly by clay/shale materials with high retention capacities (20–60%), low water content (0.01–0.09 cm/hr), and ionic fluxes which lie between 0.001–0.008 mg/hr. The micro-nutrient concentrations range in value from 2–17 mg/kg, 140 517.3 mg/kg, and 52–474.2 mg/kg for manganese, zinc, and iron, respectively, while the macro-nutrients range from 339–971 mg/kg, 255–640 mg/kg, and 12,000–448,000 mg/kg for magnesium, sodium, and calcium, respectively. The major nutrients' concentrations, including total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and potassium, vary from 11,000–25,600 mg/kg, 53.2–277.2 mg/kg, and 450–1950 mg/kg, respectively. These high values are attributable to the use of fertilizer for farming within the study area and soil biochemical transformation of nutrients under waterlogged conditions. The high water retaining capacity when combined with the low nutrient flux drives the low rate of available water penetration through the soil. Therefore, the low values of the ions indicate that the clay is adsorbing greater proportions of the ions, which are subsequently released for plant growth.
DOI : 10.1007/s12517-022-09485-6
Anahtar Kelimeler : Tropical Inland Valley, Geochemical analysis, Hydrogeological characterization, Ionic fluxes, Micro-nutrients, Wetlands
ISSN: 1866-7511 1866-7538
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 15
8
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Reclaimed Section of Nekede Mechanic Village, Owerri, Southeastern, Nigeria
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Chemistry Africa
Yazar(lar) :
Chidi Edbert Duru , Christian Ebere Enyoh , Margaret Chinyelu Enedoh , Ijeoma Akunna Duru , Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Andrew Wirnkor Verla , Beniah Obinna Isiuku
Yıl :
2021
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
The study evaluated the level of pollution and human health risks of heavy metals in soils from reclaimed section of Nekede MechanicVillage. From 4 depths (10, 20, 30 and 40 cm), 5 composite samples collected were analyzed using EDXRF. The overall mean metal concentrations were Cr: 356.8 ± 30.65 mg/kg, Mn: 479.7 ± 48.31 mg/kg, Co: 1276 ± 140.37 mg/kg, Fe: 79,422.75 ± 10,677.58 mg/kg, Ni: 1011.3 ± 410.10 mg/kg, Cu: 821.65 ± 96.47 mg/kg, Zn: 2263.65 ± 632.27 mg/kg, As: 44.65 ± 8.05 mg/kg, Pb: 568.05 ± 51.38 mg/kg, Cd: 12.55 ± 15.12 mg/kg, and Ag: 2.45 ± 3.15 mg/kg. However, the summary for metal trend at different depth was: 10 cm: As < Cd < Fe < Zn < Cu < Ni < Pb < Cr, 20 cm: As < Cd < Fe < Zn < Cu < Ni < Pb < Cr, 30 cm: As < Cd < Fe < Zn < Cu < Ni < Pb < Cr and at 40 cm: As < Cd < Fe < Zn < Cu < Ni < Cr < Pb and by depth was 40 cm > 30 cm > 10 cm > 20 cm except for As. Higher concentrations were shown compared to the control and target values of DPR. Principal component (PCA) and hierarchal cluster (HCA) analysis indicted automechanic activities as the source of these metals. Pollution models showed that the area is extremely polluted (> 5) with high ecological risks (> 150). Metals showed high non-carcinogenic health effects to both adult and children. Therefore, the reclaimed section should be avoided for now or be remediated before use.
DOI : 10.1007/s42250-020-00216-6
Anahtar Kelimeler : Cluster analysis, Ecological risk index, Factor analysis, Health risks, Non-carcinogenic effect
ISSN: 2522-5758 2522-5766
9
Indirect exposure to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of current knowledge
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Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium
Yazar(lar) :
Christian Ebere Enyoh , Andrew Wirnkor Verla , Wang Qingyue , Dipak Kumar Yadav , Md Akhter Hossain Chowdhury , Beniah Obinna Isiuku , Tanzin Chowdhury , Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Evelyn Ngozi Verla , Tochukwu Oluwatosin Maduka
Yıl :
2020
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
This review chronicles the indirect transmission method which seems to be overlooked by most people and makes attempts to document the various transmission ways with a hope that such information may strengthen the knowledge base of researchers towards methods of eradicating the pandemic. Current knowledge of transmission and exposure of SARS-CoV-2 has been explained. Various researchers have put forward different ways of exposure and transmission. Literature does not reveal whether the indirect transmission route is the dominant one. However, total lockdown could be a veritable means to reduce both direct and indirect transmission routes. In many countries where the indirect transmission has been reduced, the scourge of the virus is less. The work creates awareness on the need to watch out for those routes of transmissions that may not be popular and suggested vital knowledge gaps that need to fill.
DOI : 10.29238/teknolabjournal.v9i1.227
Anahtar Kelimeler : air pollution, covid-19, transmission, wastewater, article review
Cilt: 9
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 67 - 77
10
“Plasti-remediation”: Advances in the potential use of environmental plastics for pollutant removal
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Environmental Technology & Innovation
Yayıncı:
Elsevier BV
Yazar(lar) :
Christian Ebere Enyoh , Franklyn Okechukwu Ohiagu , Andrew Wirnkor Verla , Qingyue Wang , Leila Shafea , Evelyn Ngozi Verla , Beniah Obinna Isiuku , Tanzin Chowdhury , Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Md. Akhter Hossain Chowdhury
Yıl :
2021
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Plastic wastes are introduced into the environment inevitably and their exposure in the environment causes deterioration in its mechanical and physicochemical properties. This leads to the formation of plastic fragments, which are considered as micro and nano plastics when their size is <5 mm and < 10 nm. In recent years, plastic pollution has been reported in all kinds of environments worldwide and is considered a threat to the health of the ecosystem and humans. Besides, plastics serve as vectors for pollutants as they are capable of adsorbing and accumulating pollutants from seawater. However, this particular ability exposes the tendency of exploiting plastic waste as an adsorbent for removing pollutants from polluted water. Considering the problems caused by plastic waste to ecosystems, this concept is very interesting and attractive as a way to protect the environment by recycling or reusing plastic wastes as novel low-cost adsorbents. Meanwhile, studies have begun to exploit and understand the concept of using plastic waste as an adsorbent to remove diverse pollutants such as heavy and radioactive metals, persistent organic pollutants, dyes and oils from aqueous solutions as well as gases e.g volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H 2). This paper, therefore, provides an overview of studies, highlighting the process of adsorbent preparation, plastic/pollutant interaction mechanisms (including kinetic and isotherm models), and factors influencing the removal rates and desorption of pollutants and reusability of the plastic-based adsorbent. Diverse pollutants such as heavy and radioactive metals, persistent organic pollutants, dyes and oils from aqueous solutions as well as gases e.g volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H 2) have been removed by plastic based adsorbent with the modified ones showing higher removal capacity. Desorption and reusability studies have shown that the plastic-based adsorbent is re-generable and stable for dyes and heavy metals (e.g. Pb 2+) with high desorption rate (> 80 %) while for low (< 40 %) for phenathrene. Applying plastic waste is a novel potential way of pollutant removal from the environment and therefore a facile sustainable approach. However, the optimization of the method considering the factors affecting the removal rate as well as characterizing the plastic absorbents before and after pollutant adsorption should be conducted. This will help in understanding the possibility of using this concept for field applications.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eti.2021.101791
Anahtar Kelimeler : PPCPs Pharmaceuticals and personal care products, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products, CO2 Carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide, MPs Micro plastics, Micro plastics, NPs Nano plastics, Nano plastics, ROS Reactive oxygen species, Reactive oxygen species, VOCs Volatile organic compounds, Volatile organic compounds, PAHs Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls, Polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, PVC Polyvinyl chloride, Polyvinyl chloride, PS Polystyrene, Polystyrene, CIP Ciprofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, OTC Oxytetracycline, Oxytetracycline, PE Polyethylene, Polyethylene, PP Polypropylene, Polypropylene, PA Polyamide, Polyamide, CMP Conjugated microporous polymer, Conjugated microporous polymer, E2 17 β-Estradiol, 17 β-Estradiol, FTIR Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD X-ray diffraction, X-ray diffraction, TGA Thermogravimetric analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis, SEM Scanning electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, pHpzc Point of zero charge, Point of zero charge, PET Polyethylene terephthalate, Polyethylene terephthalate, TYL Tylosin, Tylosin, DCM Dichloromethane, Dichloromethane, DMM Dimethoxymethane, Dimethoxymethane, IDA Iminodiacetic acid, Iminodiacetic acid, HMDA 1, 6-diaminohexane, 1, 6-diaminohexane, MPA Methylpropenoic acid, Methylpropenoic acid, AN Acrylonitrile, Acrylonitrile, DMF Dimethylformamide, Dimethylformamide, DG Degree of grafting, Degree of grafting, LLDPE Linear low density polyethylene, Linear low density polyethylene, OMMT Organo-montmorillonite, Organo-montmorillonite, THF Tetrahydrofuran, Tetrahydrofuran, Cr Chromium, Chromium, Co Cobalt, Cobalt, Ni Nickel, Nickel, Cu Copper, Copper, Zn Zinc, Zinc, Cd Cadmium, Cadmium, Pb Lead, Lead, Fe Iron, Iron, Al Aluminum, Aluminum, Mn Manganese, Manganese, Mg Magnesium, Magnesium, Br Bromine, Bromine, Si Silicon, Silicon, As Arsenic, Arsenic, Hg Mercury, Mercury, Sr Strontium, Strontium, HNO3 Nitric acid, Nitric acid, ZnCl2 Zinc chloride, Zinc chloride, FeCl3 Iron (III) chloride, Iron (III) chloride, ICP-MS inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer, HDPE High-density polyethylene, High-density polyethylene, LDPE Low-density polyethylene, Low-density polyethylene, PBAT Poly-butylene adipate coterephtalate, Poly-butylene adipate coterephtalate, PUR Polyurethane, Polyurethane, ICP-OES Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, FAAS Flame atomic absorption spectrometry, Flame atomic absorption spectrometry, FP-XRF Field-portable X-ray fluorescence, Field-portable X-ray fluorescence, AAS Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, GMA Glycidyl methacrylate, Glycidyl methacrylate, PPw-g-AO Amidoxime functionalized PP adsorbent, Amidoxime functionalized PP adsorbent, LDPE-g-PAA-Co-Starch/OMMT Hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, Hydrogel composite consisting of waste linear low density polyethylene, PE-g-PSSA Crosslinked polyethylene-graft-polystyrene sulfonic acid, Crosslinked polyethylene-graft-polystyrene sulfonic acid, ATPC Activated PET with adsorbent carrot and tomato, Activated PET with adsorbent carrot and tomato, PET-g-2-HPMA PET grafted with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate in presence of benzene peroxide, PET grafted with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate in presence of benzene peroxide, GMA-g-PET Glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers, Glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers, HMDA-GMA-g-PET Glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers bonded with 1, 6-diaminohexane, Glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers bonded with 1, 6-diaminohexane, PAA Polyacrylic acid, Polyacrylic acid, PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride, Polyvinylidene fluoride, EVA Ethylene vinyl acetate, Ethylene vinyl acetate, XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, GCMS Gas chromatography u2013 mass spectrometry, Gas chromatography u2013 mass spectrometry, HCHs Hexachlorocyclohexanes, Hexachlorocyclohexanes, PBDEs Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BPA Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A, OPs Octaphenols, Octaphenols, PFASs polyfluoroalkyl substances, polyfluoroalkyl substances, COOH Carboxylic acid, Carboxylic acid, PS-COOH Carboxylated Polystyrene particles, Carboxylated Polystyrene particles, CBZ Carbamazepine, Carbamazepine, 4MBC 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, TCS Triclosan, Triclosan, EE2 17a-ethinyl estradiol, 17a-ethinyl estradiol, cGCu2013ECD-MD Capillary gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector and mass detector, Capillary gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector and mass detector, GCu2013ECD Gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector, Gas chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector, LSC Liquid scintillation counting, Liquid scintillation counting, GC-ITMS Gas chromatographyu2013ion-trap mass spectrometers, Gas chromatographyu2013ion-trap mass spectrometers, QqLIT-MS/MS Liquid chromatography system coupled to a quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometer, Liquid chromatography system coupled to a quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometer, HPLC High performance liquid chromatography, High performance liquid chromatography, SDZ Sulfadiazene, Sulfadiazene, AMX Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin, TC Tetracycline, Tetracycline, TMP Trimethoprim, Trimethoprim, PP-g-MAA Methacrylic acid-grafted PP fibers, Methacrylic acid-grafted PP fibers, S3 Non-woven PP fibers mats, Non-woven PP fibers mats, HD-75 Polymer film of HDPE (7.5%) + ultra-high molecular weight PE, Polymer film of HDPE (7.5%) + ultra-high molecular weight PE, UHMWPE Ultra-high molecular weight PE, Ultra-high molecular weight PE, DVB Divinylbenze, Divinylbenze, CR Congo red, Congo red, MB Methylene blue, Methylene blue, AB25 Acid blue 25, Acid blue 25, MG Malachite green, Malachite green, RB Rhodamine B, Rhodamine B, DB71 Blue dye 71, Blue dye 71, PPC Polyypyrrole polymer composite, Polyypyrrole polymer composite, MPA/AN-g-PET 2-methylpropenoic acid (MPA) and acrylonitrile (AN), 2-methylpropenoic acid (MPA) and acrylonitrile (AN), IDA-GMA-g-PET Glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with iminodiacetic acid, Glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with iminodiacetic acid, SCMP Sulphonic-group carrying resin, Sulphonic-group carrying resin, LODs Carbon-metal double layered oxides, Carbon-metal double layered oxides, MPA/AN-g-PET 2-methylpropenoic acid and acrylonitrile onto poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers, 2-methylpropenoic acid and acrylonitrile onto poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers, HMDA-GMA-g-PET Glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers bonded with 1, 6-diaminohexane, Glycidyl methacrylate-g-poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers bonded with 1, 6-diaminohexane, CDs Compact disks, Compact disks, DVDs Digital video disks, Digital video disks, AC-PPy Polypyrrole, Polypyrrole, AC-PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride, Polyvinylidene fluoride, AC-SDVB Sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene resin, Sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene resin, OMP-PF Phenolu2013formaldehyde resin, Phenolu2013formaldehyde resin, POPs Persistent organic pollutants, Persistent organic pollutants, DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, FOSA Perfluorooctanesulfonamide, Perfluorooctanesulfonamide, PFOS Perfluorooctanesulfonate, Perfluorooctanesulfonate, EDA Electron-Donoru2013Acceptor, Electron-Donoru2013Acceptor, EMT External mass transfer, External mass transfer, PFO Pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-first-order, PSO Pseudo-second-order, Pseudo-second-order, PVSDM Pore-volume and surface diffusion model, Pore-volume and surface diffusion model, FPMT Film-pore mass transfer, Film-pore mass transfer, pp-LFERs Poly-parameter linear free energy relationship, Poly-parameter linear free energy relationship, D-R Dubinin-Radushkevich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, PVDM Pore volume diffusion, Pore volume diffusion, SDM Surface diffusion, Surface diffusion, IMT Internal mass transfer, Internal mass transfer, FPMT Film pore mass transfer, Film pore mass transfer, LDF Linear driving force, Linear driving force, PDM Polanyiu2013Dubininu2013Manes, Polanyiu2013Dubininu2013Manes, PCB77 3, 3u2019, 4, 4u2019-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 3, 3u2019, 4, 4u2019-tetrachlorobiphenyl, KOH Potassium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide, Adsorbent, Interaction mechanisms, Novel methods Plastic waste, Polymers, Water treatment
ISSN: 2352-1864
Cilt: 23
Sayfa: 101791
11
Human health risk assessment of the levels of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils from mechanic workshops within Nekede mechanic village, Imo State, Nigeria
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Taylor and Francis
Dergi:
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Yayıncı:
Informa UK Limited
Yazar(lar) :
Victor Chukwuemeka Eze , Azuka Richard Nwabudike , Chidi Edbert Duru , Beniah Obinna Isiuku , Francis Chizoruo Ibe , Josephat Okechukwu Ogbuagu , Christian Ebere Enyoh , Miracle Oluebube Muogbo
Yıl :
2021
Francis Chizoruo Ibe
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) are a class of persistent toxic substances with a high potential to accumulate in the soil as an organic pollutant and bioaccumulate in humans. The study determined the level and human health risk of twelve (12) DL-PCBs in soils from mechanic workshops within Nekede mechanic village (NMV), Imo State. In this study, soil samples (0–15 cm depth) were collected at four different sampling points within Nekede mechanic village. At each sampling point, composite samples consisting of 10 sub-samples were collected with pre-cleaned pet bottles using soil auger and were labelled SA, SB, SC, SD. The control sample was taken 500 metres away from the mechanic village where there was no form of auto-mechanic activities. Sample analysis was conducted using Agilent GC 6890 N coupled with Agilent MS 5970B to determine the levels of DL-PCBs. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23. The results revealed that the mean concentration of 12 DL-PCB congeners (Σ12PCBs) in soil ranged from 0.31–16.31 µg kg−1, which was significantly higher than that in the control sample (0.006–0.087 µg kg−1). PCB-126 was the major contributor (58.99%) while the least contributor was PCB-157 (0.0040%) of the Σ12 DL-PCBs TEQ. The sum total LCR (adults 1.29 × 101, children 4.42 × 101) and HQs (adults 6.68 × 102, children 2.29 × 103) were above the acceptable risk limit (LCR = 10−4, HQ = 1); indicating a very high adverse effect of DL-PCBs on humans especially children.
DOI : 10.1080/03067319.2021.1974424
Anahtar Kelimeler : Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, cancer risk, hazard quotient, mechanic village
ISSN: 0306-7319
Sayfa: 1-11

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