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Challenges in Laboratory Diagnosis of the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak 1:
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Kaynak 2:
MDPI
Dergi:
Viruses
Yazar(lar) :
Nadin Younes , Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Hadeel AL-Jighefee , Salma Younes , Ola Al-Jamal , Hanin I. Daas , Hadi. M. Yassine , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2020
Hadeel AL-Jighefee
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
The recent outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide since its discovery in Wuhan city, China in December 2019. A comprehensive strategy, including surveillance, diagnostics, research, clinical treatment, and development of vaccines, is urgently needed to win the battle against COVID-19. The past three unprecedented outbreaks of emerging human coronavirus infections at the beginning of the 21st century have highlighted the importance of readily available, accurate, and rapid diagnostic technologies to contain emerging and re-emerging pandemics. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based assays performed on respiratory specimens remain the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics. However, point-of-care technologies and serologic immunoassays are rapidly emerging with high sensitivity and specificity as well. Even though excellent techniques are available for the diagnosis of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 in well-equipped laboratories; critical gaps still remain in screening asymptomatic people who are in the incubation phase of the virus, as well as in the accurate determination of live viral shedding during convalescence to inform decisions for ending isolation. This review article aims to discuss the currently available laboratory methods and surveillance technologies available for the detection of COVID-19, their performance characteristics and highlight the gaps in current diagnostic capacity, and finally, propose potential solutions. We also summarize the specifications of the majority of the available commercial kits (PCR, EIA, and POC) for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19.
DOI : 10.3390/v12060582
Anahtar Kelimeler : COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, viruses, diagnostic challenges, molecular testing, serology
ISSN: 1999-4915
Cilt: 12
Sayı: 582
Sayfa: 582
Sınıflandırma :
2
Organ-specific toxicity evaluation of stearamidopropyl dimethylamine (SAPDMA) surfactant using zebrafish embryos
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Science of The Total Environment
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Ola Al-Jamal , Hadeel Al-Jighefee , Nadin Younes , Roba Abdin , Maha A. Al-Asmakh , A. Bahgat Radwan , Mostafa H. Sliem , Amin F. Majdalawieh , Gianfranco Pintus , Hadi M. Yassine , Aboubakr M. Abdullah , Sahar I. Da'as , Gheyath K. Nasrallah
Yıl :
2020
Hadeel Al-Jighefee
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Surfactants are widely used in the industry of detergents, household products, and cosmetics. SAPDMA is a cationic surfactant that is used mostly in cosmetics, conditioning agents and has recently gained attention as a corrosion inhibitor in the sea pipelines industry. In this regard, literature concerning the ecotoxicological classification of SAPDMA on aquatic animals is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the potential ecotoxicity of SAPDMA using the aquatic zebrafish embryo model. The potential toxic effects of SAPDMA were assessed by different assays. This includes (i) mortality/survival assay to assess the median lethal concentration (LC50); (ii) teratogenicity assay to assess the no observed effect concentration (NOEC); (iii) organ-specific toxicity assays including cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity (using locomotion assay), hematopoietic toxicity (hemoglobin synthesis using o-dianisidine staining), hepatotoxicity (liver steatosis and yolk retention using Oil Red O (ORO) stain); (iv) cellular cytotoxicity (mitochondrial membrane potential) by measuring the accumulation of JC-1 dye into mitochondria. Exposure of embryos to SAPDMA caused mortality in a dose-dependent manner with a calculated LC50 of 2.3 mg/L. Thus, based on the LC50 value and according to the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Acute Toxicity Rating Scale, SAPDMA is classified as “moderately toxic”. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) concerning a set of parameters including scoliosis, changes in body length, yolk, and eye sizes was 0.1 mg/L. At the same NOEC concentration (0.1 mg/L), no organ-specific toxicity was detected in fish treated with SAPDMA, except hepatomegaly with no associated liver dysfunctions. However, higher SAPDMA concentrations (0.8 mg/L) have dramatic effects on zebrafish organ development (eye, heart, and liver development). Our data recommend a re-evaluation of the SAPDMA employment in the industry setting and its strictly monitoring by environmental and public health agencies.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140450
Anahtar Kelimeler : Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine (SAPDMA) surfactant, Zebrafish, Organ-specific toxicity, LC50, NOEC
ISSN: 0048-9697
Cilt: 741
Sayfa: 140450
Sınıflandırma :
Çevre %71
Kirlilik %74
3
Analytic comparison between three high-throughput commercial SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays reveals minor discrepancies in a high-incidence population
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Scientific Reports
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
Gheyath K. Nasrallah , Soha R. Dargham , Farah Shurrab , Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Hadeel Al-Jighefee , Hiam Chemaitelly , Zaina Al Kanaani , Abdullatif Al Khal , Einas Al Kuwari , Peter Coyle , Andrew Jeremijenko , Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal , Ali Nizar Latif , Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik , Hanan F. Abdul Rahim , Hadi M. Yassine , Mohamed G. Al Kuwari , Hamda Qotba , Hamad Eid Al Romaihi , Patrick Tang , Roberto Bertollini , Mohamed H. Al-Thani , Asmaa A. Althani , Laith J. Abu-RaddadGheyath K. Nasrallah , Soha R. Dargham , Farah Shurrab , Duaa W. Al-Sadeq , Hadeel Al-Jighefee , Hiam Chemaitelly , Zaina Al Kanaani , Abdullatif Al Khal , Einas Al Kuwari , Peter Coyle , Andrew Jeremijenko , Anvar Hassan Kaleeckal , Ali Nizar Latif , Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik , Hanan F. Abdul Rahim , Hadi M. Yassine , Mohamed G. Al Kuwari , Hamda Qotba , Hamad Eid Al Romaihi , Patrick Tang , Roberto Bertollini , Mohamed H. Al-Thani , Asmaa A. Althani , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2021
Hadeel Al-Jighefee Hadeel Al-Jighefee
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
AbstractPerformance of three automated commercial serological IgG-based assays was investigated for assessing SARS-CoV-2 “ever” (past or current) infection in a population-based sample in a high exposure setting. PCR and serological testing was performed on 394 individuals. SARS-CoV-2-IgG seroprevalence was 42.9% (95% CI 38.1–47.8%), 40.6% (95% CI 35.9–45.5%), and 42.4% (95% CI 37.6–47.3%) using the CL-900i, VidasIII, and Elecsys assays, respectively. Between the three assays, overall, positive, and negative percent agreements ranged between 93.2–95.7%, 89.3–92.8%, and 93.8–97.8%, respectively; Cohen’s kappa statistic ranged from 0.86 to 0.91; and 35 specimens (8.9%) showed discordant results. Among all individuals, 12.5% (95% CI 9.6–16.1%) had current infection, as assessed by PCR. Of these, only 34.7% (95% CI 22.9–48.7%) were seropositive by at least one assay. A total of 216 individuals (54.8%; 95% CI 49.9–59.7%) had evidence of ever infection using antibody testing and/or PCR during or prior to this study. Of these, only 78.2%, 74.1%, and 77.3% were seropositive in the CL-900i, VidasIII, and Elecsys assays, respectively. All three assays had comparable performance and excellent agreement, but missed at least 20% of individuals with past or current infection. Commercial antibody assays can substantially underestimate ever infection, more so when infection rates are high.
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-021-91235-x
ISSN: 2045-2322
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 11

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