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1
A regional picture: MENA's HIV map
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Nature Middle East
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
Laith Abu-Raddad , Hiam Chemaitelly , Ghina MumtazLaith Abu-Raddad , Hiam Chemaitelly , Ghina Mumtaz
Yıl :
2013
Hiam Chemaitelly Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
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DOI : 10.1038/nmiddleeast.2013.229
ISSN: 2042-6046
2
Waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines
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Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
The Lancet
Yayıncı:
Elsevier BV
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2022
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00277-x
ISSN: 0140-6736
Sayı: 10327
Cilt: 399
Sayfa: 771-773
3
Characterizing hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Egypt: systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Scientific Reports
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
Silva P. Kouyoumjian , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J. Abu-RaddadSilva P. Kouyoumjian , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2018
Hiam Chemaitelly Hiam Chemaitelly
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-017-17936-4
ISSN: 2045-2322
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 8
4
The Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus in the Fertile Crescent: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Karima Chaabna , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2015
Hiam Chemaitelly
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
To characterize hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology in countries of the Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), namely Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria.We systematically reviewed and synthesized available records of HCV incidence and prevalence following PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses were implemented using a DerSimonian-Laird random effects model with inverse weighting to estimate the country-specific HCV prevalence among the various at risk population groups.We identified eight HCV incidence and 240 HCV prevalence measures in the Fertile Crescent. HCV sero-conversion risk among hemodialysis patients was 9.2% in Jordan and 40.3% in Iraq, and ranged between 0% and 3.5% among other populations in Iraq over different follow-up times. Our meta-analyses estimated HCV prevalence among the general population at 0.2% in Iraq (range: 0-7.2%; 95% CI: 0.1-0.3%), 0.3% in Jordan (range: 0-2.0%; 95% CI: 0.1-0.5%), 0.2% in Lebanon (range: 0-3.4%; 95% CI: 0.1-0.3%), 0.2% in Palestine (range: 0-9.0%; 95% CI: 0.2-0.3%), and 0.4% in Syria (range: 0.3-0.9%; 95% CI: 0.4-0.5%). Among populations at high risk, HCV prevalence was estimated at 19.5% in Iraq (range: 0-67.3%; 95% CI: 14.9-24.5%), 37.0% in Jordan (range: 21-59.5%; 95% CI: 29.3-45.0%), 14.5% in Lebanon (range: 0-52.8%; 95% CI: 5.6-26.5%), and 47.4% in Syria (range: 21.0-75.0%; 95% CI: 32.5-62.5%). Genotypes 4 and 1 appear to be the dominant circulating strains.HCV prevalence in the population at large appears to be below 1%, lower than that in other MENA sub-regions, and tending towards the lower end of the global range. However, there is evidence for ongoing HCV transmission within medical facilities and among people who inject drugs (PWID). Migration dynamics appear to have played a role in determining the circulating genotypes. HCV prevention efforts should be targeted, and focus on infection control in clinical settings and harm reduction among PWID.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0135281
ISSN: 1932-6203
Cilt: 10
Sayı: 8
Sayfa: e0135281
Sınıflandırma :
5
Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in Africa: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Journal of Infection
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Manale Harfouche , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2019
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Objective To assess herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in Africa. Methods This systematic review was conducted per the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Findings were reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Research questions were addressed using random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions. Results Forty-three overall (and 69 stratified) HSV-1 seroprevalence measures, and 18 and eight proportions of HSV-1 viral detection in genital ulcer disease (GUD) and in genital herpes, respectively, were extracted from 37 reports. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 67.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 54.7–78.5%) in children, and 96.2% (95% CI: 95.0–97.3%) in adults. Across age groups, pooled mean was 44.4% (95% CI: 29.9–59.3%) in ≤5 years-old, 85.6% (95% CI: 81.0–89.6%) in 6–15 years-old, 93.3% (95% CI: 89.2–96.6%) in 16–25 years-old, and 93.8% (95% CI: 84.6–99.4%) in >25 years-old. Age explained 78.8% of seroprevalence variation. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.0–1.5%) in GUD, and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.0–4.0%) in genital herpes. Conclusions HSV-1 is universally prevalent in Africa, at higher levels than other regions, with no evidence for declines in seroprevalence in recent decades. Nearly every person acquires the infection in childhood through oral-to-oral transmission, before sexual debut. Sexual oral-to-genital and genital-to-genital transmission appear very limited.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.07.012
Anahtar Kelimeler : Seroprevalence, Genital ulcer disease, Genital herpes, Synthesis, Region
ISSN: 0163-4453
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 79
Sayfa: 289-299
Sınıflandırma :
6
Epidemiological Impact of Novel Preventive and Therapeutic HSV-2 Vaccination in the United States: Mathematical Modeling Analyses
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Vaccines
Yazar(lar) :
Houssein H. Ayoub , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2020
Hiam Chemaitelly
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
This study aims to inform herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) vaccine development, licensure, and implementation by delineating the population-level impact of vaccination. Mathematical models were constructed to describe the transmission dynamics in presence of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines assuming 50% efficacy, with application to the United States. Catch-up prophylactic vaccination will reduce, by 2050, annual number of new infections by 58%, incidence rate by 60%, seroprevalence by 21%, and avert yearly as much as 350,000 infections. Number of vaccinations needed to avert one infection was only 50 by 2050, 34 by prioritizing those aged 15–19 years, 4 by prioritizing the highest sexual risk group, 43 by prioritizing women, and 47 by prioritizing men. Therapeutic vaccination of infected adults with symptomatic disease will reduce, by 2050, annual number of new infections by 12%, incidence rate by 13%, seroprevalence by 4%, and avert yearly as much as 76,000 infections. Number of vaccinations needed to avert one infection was eight by 2050, two by prioritizing those aged 15–19 years, three by prioritizing the highest sexual risk group, seven by prioritizing men, and ten by prioritizing women. HSV-2 vaccination offers an impactful and cost-effective intervention to prevent genital herpes medical and psychosexual disease burden.
DOI : 10.3390/vaccines8030366
Anahtar Kelimeler : herpes simplex virus, genital herpes, vaccine, prevalence, incidence, mathematical model
ISSN: 2076-393X
Cilt: 8
Sayı: 366
Sayfa: 366
Sınıflandırma :
7
An apparent lack of epidemiologic association between hepatitis C virus knowledge and the prevalence of hepatitis C infection in a national survey in Egypt.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J Abu-Raddad , F DeWolfe Miller
Yıl :
2013
Hiam Chemaitelly
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
BACKGROUND: Egypt has by far the largest hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in the world with 14.7% of the population being antibody positive for HCV. The aim of this study was to examine the association between knowledge of HCV and HCV antibody positivity among the Egyptian population. METHODS: We characterized different measures of HCV knowledge and examined their associations with HCV prevalence, by analyzing a nationally representative database using standard epidemiologic methods. The database, the 2008 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey, included demographic, health, and HCV biomarker information for a sample of over 12,000 individuals. RESULTS: Basic knowledge of HCV was found to be high, but multiple gaps were identified in the specific knowledge of HCV and its modes of transmission. There was no statistically significant difference in HCV prevalence between those who have heard of HCV infection and those who have not (14.4% vs. 15.9%, p>.05). Similar results were found for the other HCV knowledge measures including those specific to HCV modes of transmission and to the sources of information for HCV awareness. Logistic regression analyses did not demonstrate an association between HCV knowledge and HCV prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not provide support for an effect of awareness on reducing the risk of HCV infection in Egypt. Public health messages directed at the lay public may not provide sufficient empowerment for individuals to avoid HCV infection, and should be complemented with prevention programs to promote and strengthen infection control in the settings of exposure, particularly in health care facilities.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0069803
ISSN: 1932-6203
Cilt: 8
Sayı: 7
Sayfa: e69803
Sınıflandırma :
8
Temporal evolution of HIV sero-discordancy patterns among stable couples in sub-Saharan Africa.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Susanne F Awad , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Konu :
Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Epidemics, Family Characteristics, Female, HIV Infections, HIV Seropositivity, HIV-1, Humans, Incidence, Kenya, Lesotho, Male, Mali, Models, Theoretical, Niger, Prevalence, Sexual Partners, Tanzania, Time Factors, Zimbabwe
Yıl :
2018
Hiam Chemaitelly
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Objective was to examine the temporal variation of HIV sero-discordancy in select representative countries (Kenya, Lesotho, Mali, Niger, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe) in sub-Saharan Africa at different HIV epidemic scales. A sero-discordant couple is defined as a stable couple (SC) in which one partner is HIV-positive while the other is HIV-negative.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0196613
Sınıflandırma :
9
The risk of HIV transmission within HIV-1 sero-discordant couples appears to vary across sub-Saharan Africa
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Epidemics
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Susanne F. Awad , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2014
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Background: Representative and precise estimates for the annual risk of HIV transmission (ϕ) from the infected to the uninfected partner in a stable HIV-1 sero-discordant couple (SDC) are not available. Nevertheless, quantifying HIV infectiousness is critical to understanding HIV epidemiology and implementing prevention programs. Materials and methods: We estimated ϕ and examined its variation across 23 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by constructing and analyzing a mathematical model that describes HIV dynamics among SDCs. The model was parameterized using empirical measures such as those of the nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Results: We estimated a median ϕ of 11.1 per 100 person-years across SSA. A clustering based on HIV population prevalence was observed with a median ϕ of 7.5 per 100 person-years in low HIV prevalence countries (<5%) compared to 19.5 per 100 person-years in high prevalence countries (>5%). The association with HIV prevalence explained 67% of the variation in ϕ, and suggested an increase of 0.95 per 100 person-years in ϕ for every 1% increase in HIV prevalence. Conclusions: Empirical measures from cohort studies appear to underestimate HIV infectiousness in SSA. The risk of HIV transmission among SDCs appears also to vary across SSA, and this may have contributed to the contrasting HIV epidemic trajectories in this continent.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epidem.2013.11.001
Anahtar Kelimeler : HIV transmission, Mathematical model, Incidence rate, Sero-discordancy, Sub-Saharan Africa
Cilt: 6
Sayı: C
Sayfa: 1 - 9
10
Characterizing the transitioning epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the USA: model-based predictions
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
BMC Medicine
Yazar(lar) :
Houssein H. Ayoub , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2019
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Abstract Background Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent lifelong infection that appears to be undergoing an epidemiologic transition in the United States (US). Using an analytical approach, this study aimed to characterize HSV-1 transitioning epidemiology and estimate its epidemiologic indicators, past, present, and future. Methods An age-structured mathematical model was developed to describe HSV-1 transmission through oral and sexual modes of transmission. The model was fitted to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1976–2016 data series. Results HSV-1 seroprevalence was projected to decline from 61.5% in 1970 to 54.8% in 2018, 48.5% in 2050, and 42.0% in 2100. In < 3 decades, seroprevalence declined by > 30% for those aged 0–19 years, but < 5% for those aged > 60. Meanwhile, the number of new infections per year (oral and genital) was persistent at 2,762,000 in 1970, 2,941,000 in 2018, 2,933,000 in 2050, and 2,960,000 in 2100. Of this total, genital acquisitions contributed 252,000 infections in 1970, 410,000 in 2018, 478,000 in 2050, and 440,000 in 2100—a quarter of which are symptomatic with clinical manifestations. For those aged 15–49 years, nearly 25% of incident infections are genital. Most genital acquisitions (> 85%) were due to oral-to-genital transmission through oral sex, as opposed to genital-to-genital transmission through sexual intercourse. Conclusion HSV-1 epidemiology is undergoing a remarkable transition in the US, with less exposure in childhood and more in adulthood, and less oral but more genital acquisition. HSV-1 will persist as a widely prevalent infection, with ever-increasing genital disease burden.
DOI : 10.1186/s12916-019-1285-x
Anahtar Kelimeler : United States, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Oral herpes, Genital herpes, Prevalence, Incidence
ISSN: 1741-7015
Cilt: 17
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 1 - 12
11
Estimating the annual risk of HIV transmission within HIV sero-discordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Yazar(lar) :
Susanne F. Awad , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2018
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Objective: To estimate the annual risk of HIV transmission (ϕ) within HIV sero-discordant couples in 23 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), by utilizing newly available national population-based data and accounting for factors known to potentially affect this estimation. Methods: We used a recently developed pair-based mathematical model that accommodates for HIV-dynamics temporal variation, sexual risk-behavior heterogeneity, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up. Results: Estimated country-specific ϕ (in absence of ART) ranged between 4.2% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.9%-6.3%) and 47.4% (95% UI: 37.2%-69.0%) per person-year (ppy), with a median of 12.4%. ϕ was strongly associated with HIV prevalence, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92, and was larger in high- versus low-HIV-prevalence countries. ϕ increased by 1.31% (95% confidence interval: 1.00%-1.55%) ppy for every 1% increase in HIV prevalence. Conclusions: ϕ estimates were similar to earlier estimates, and suggested considerable heterogeneity in HIV infectiousness across SSA. This heterogeneity may explain, partly, the differences in epidemic scales.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.10.022
Anahtar Kelimeler : HIV transmission, Infectiousness, Mathematical model, Incidence rate, Sero-discordancy, Sub-Saharan Africa
Cilt: 66
Sayı: C
Sayfa: 131 - 134
Sınıflandırma :
12
Does infection with Chlamydia trachomatis induce long-lasting partial immunity? Insights from mathematical modelling.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
Sex Transm Infect
Yazar(lar) :
Ryosuke Omori , Hiam Chemaitelly , Christian L Althaus , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2018
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
To explore whether existence of long-lasting partial immunity against reinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis is necessary to explain C. trachomatis prevalence patterns by age and sexual risk, and to provide a plausible estimate for the effect size, defined here as a reduction in susceptibility to reinfection.
DOI : 10.1136/sextrans-2018-053543
Anahtar Kelimeler : epidemiology, immunity, mathematical model., prevalence, reinfection, sexually transmitted infection
Sınıflandırma :
13
Hepatitis C virus infection spontaneous clearance: Has it been underestimated?
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
Int. J. Infect. Dis.
Yazar(lar) :
Houssein H Ayoub , Hiam Chemaitelly , Ryosuke Omori , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2018
Hiam Chemaitelly
Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance rate (fclearance) is defined as the proportion of infected persons who will spontaneously clear their infection after acute infection. We aimed to estimate fclearance using a novel approach that avoids limitations in existing estimates, and to clarify the link between fclearance and HCV viremic rate-the latter being the proportion of RNA positivity among those antibody positive.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.07.013
Anahtar Kelimeler : Clearance rate, Epidemiology, Infectious disease transmission, Mathematical model, Viremic rate
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Viroloji %91
14
Characterizing herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence declines and epidemiological association in the United States.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Nico Nagelkerke , Ryosuke Omori , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2019
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
OBJECTIVE:Assessing the epidemiological association between herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infections in the United States, and characterizing the trends in the standardized HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibody prevalences (seroprevalences), 1999-2016. METHODS:Source of data was the cross-sectional and nationally-representative biennial surveys of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). All nine NHANES rounds for 1999-2016 were included in analysis. Datasets of these rounds were combined and analyzed accounting for survey design and applying weighting procedures. Logistic regressions were used to identify associations with seropositivity. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS:Odds of HSV-1 infection declined by 2.84% (95% CI: 1.70%-4.00%) annually among men, and by 2.22% (95% CI: 1.23%-3.21%) among women. Declines were highest at younger ages. Odds of HSV-2 infection declined by 2.23% (95% CI: 0.71%-3.82%) annually among men, and by 2.89% (95% CI: 1.57%-4.28%) among women. Odds ratio of the association between HSV-2 and HSV-1 seropositivity was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60-0.84) for men and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72-0.91) for women, after adjustment for age, ethnicity, and year. CONCLUSION:HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalences showed a strong declining trend for at least two decades, for both sexes and for the different ethnicities, possibly reflecting improvements in hygiene and living conditions (for HSV-1), and safer sexual behavior (for HSV-2). HSV-1 seroprevalence declines are most pronounced among young individuals. There is evidence for cross protection between the two infections, suggestive of HSV-1 seropositivity being partially protective against HSV-2 infection.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0214151
ISSN: 1932-6203
Cilt: 14
Sayı: 6
Sayfa: e0214151
Sınıflandırma :
15
Self-rated health disparities among disadvantaged older adults in ethnically diverse urban neighborhoods in a Middle Eastern country
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Taylor and Francis
Dergi:
Ethnicity & Health
Yayıncı:
Informa UK Limited
Yazar(lar) :
Abla Mehio Sibai , Anthony Rizk , Hiam Chemaitelly
Yıl :
2016
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
: This paper examines differentials in self-rated health (SRH) among older adults (aged 60+ years) across three impoverished and ethnically diverse neighborhoods in post-conflict Lebanon and assesses whether variations are explained by social and economic factors. Design: Data were drawn from the Older Adult Component (n = 740) of the Urban Health Survey, a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2003 in a formal community (Nabaa), an informal settlement (Hey El-Sellom), and a refugee camp for Palestinians (Burj El-Barajneh) in Beirut, Lebanon. The role of the social capital and economic security constructs in offsetting poor SRH was assessed using multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses. Results: Older adults in Nabaa fared better in SRH compared to those in Hey El-Sellom and Burj El-Barajneh, with a prevalence of good, average, and poor SRH being respectively, 41.5%, 37.0%, and 21.5% in Nabaa, 33.3%, 23.9%, and 42.7% in Hey El-Sellom, and 25.2%, 31.3%, and 43.5% in Burj El-Barajneh. The economic security construct attenuated the odds of poorer SRH in Burj El-Barajneh as compared to Nabaa from 2.57 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.89–3.79) to 1.42 (95% CI: 0.96–2.08), but had no impact on this association in Hey El-Sellom (odds ratio, OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.39–3.24). The incorporation of the social capital construct in the fully adjusted model rendered this association insignificant in Hey El-Sellom (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.96–2.32), and led to further reductions in the magnitude of the association in Burj El-Barajneh camp (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.80–1.76). Conclusions: The social context in which older adults live and their financial security are key in explaining disparities in SRH in marginalized communities. Social capital and economic security, often overlooked in policy and public health interventions, need to be integrated in dimensions of well-being of older adults, especially in post-conflict settings.
DOI : 10.1080/13557858.2016.1244736
Anahtar Kelimeler : Self-rated health, ethnicity, displacement, older adults, urban health, conflict, Lebanon
ISSN: 1355-7858
Sayı: 5
Cilt: 22
Sayfa: 490-509
16
The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in Afghanistan: systematic review and meta-analysis
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Sarwat Mahmud , Ahmad Masoud Rahmani , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2015
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Objectives: To characterize hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology and inform public health research, policy, and programming priorities in Afghanistan. Methods: Records of HCV incidence and prevalence were reviewed systematically and synthesized following PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses were implemented using a DerSimonian–Laird random effects model with inverse variance weighting to estimate HCV prevalence among various at risk populations. A risk of bias assessment was incorporated. Results: The search identified one HCV incidence and 76 HCV prevalence measures. HCV incidence was only assessed among people who inject drugs (PWID), and was reported at 66.7 per 100 person-years. Meta-analyses estimated HCV prevalence at 0.7% among the general population (range 0–9.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5–0.9%), 32.6% among PWID (range 9.5–70.0%, 95% CI 24.5–41.3%), and 2.3% among populations at intermediate risk (range 0.0–8.3%, 95% CI 1.3–3.7%). No data were available for other high risk populations such as hemodialysis, thalassemia, and hemophilia patients. Conclusions: HCV prevalence among the general population in Afghanistan is comparable to global levels. Data are needed for the level of infection among key clinical populations at high risk of infection. There is also an immediate need for expansion of harm reduction programs among PWID and prisoners.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.09.011
Anahtar Kelimeler : Hepatitis C virus, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Afghanistan, Middle East, Systematic review
Cilt: 40
Sayı: C
Sayfa: 54 - 63
Sınıflandırma :
17
The epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Asia: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
Clin. Infect. Dis.
Yazar(lar) :
Lara Khadr , Manale Harfouche , Ryosuke Omori , Guido Schwarzer , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2018
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
To characterize herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in Asia by assessing seroprevalence levels and extent to which HSV-1 is isolated from clinically-diagnosed genital ulcer disease (GUD) and genital herpes.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciy562
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Viroloji %99
18
HIV epidemiology among female sex workers and their clients in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
BMC Medicine
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Helen A. Weiss , Clara Calvert , Manale Harfouche , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2019
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Abstract Background HIV epidemiology among female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is poorly understood. We addressed this gap through a comprehensive epidemiological assessment. Methods A systematic review of population size estimation and HIV prevalence studies was conducted and reported following PRISMA guidelines. Risk of bias (ROB) assessments were conducted for all included studies using various quality domains, as informed by Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. The pooled mean HIV prevalence was estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Sources of heterogeneity and temporal trends were identified through meta-regressions. Results We identified 270 size estimation studies in FSWs and 42 in clients, and 485 HIV prevalence studies in 287,719 FSWs and 69 in 29,531 clients/proxy populations. Most studies had low ROB in multiple quality domains. The median proportion of reproductive-age women reporting current/recent sex work was 0.6% (range = 0.2–2.4%) and of men reporting currently/recently buying sex was 5.7% (range = 0.3–13.8%). HIV prevalence ranged from 0 to 70% in FSWs (median = 0.1%) and 0–34.6% in clients (median = 0.4%). The regional pooled mean HIV prevalence was 1.4% (95% CI = 1.1–1.8%) in FSWs and 0.4% (95% CI = 0.1–0.7%) in clients. Country-specific pooled prevalence was < 1% in most countries, 1–5% in North Africa and Somalia, 17.3% in South Sudan, and 17.9% in Djibouti. Meta-regressions identified strong subregional variations in prevalence. Compared to Eastern MENA, the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) ranged from 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1–0.4) in the Fertile Crescent to 45.4 (95% CI = 24.7–83.7) in the Horn of Africa. There was strong evidence for increasing prevalence post-2003; the odds increased by 15% per year (AOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09–1.21). There was also a large variability in sexual and injecting risk behaviors among FSWs within and across countries. Levels of HIV testing among FSWs were generally low. The median fraction of FSWs that tested for HIV in the past 12 months was 12.1% (range = 0.9–38.0%). Conclusions HIV epidemics among FSWs are emerging in MENA, and some have reached stable endemic levels, although still some countries have limited epidemic dynamics. The epidemic has been growing for over a decade, with strong regionalization and heterogeneity. HIV testing levels were far below the service coverage target of “UNAIDS 2016–2021 Strategy.”
DOI : 10.1186/s12916-019-1349-y
Anahtar Kelimeler : Sexually transmitted infections, Sex workers, Sex work, Prevalence, Incidence
ISSN: 1741-7015
Cilt: 17
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 1 - 30
19
Reply to Brijwal, et al.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
Clin. Infect. Dis.
Yazar(lar) :
Lara Khadr , Manale Harfouche , Ryosuke Omori , Guido Schwarzer , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2018
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1093/cid/ciy944
Sınıflandırma :
20
External infections contribute minimally to HIV incidence among HIV sero-discordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
The BMJ
Dergi:
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2012
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050651
ISSN: 1368-4973
Sayı: 2
Cilt: 89
Sayfa: 138-141
Sınıflandırma :
21
Seriously misleading results using inverse of Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation in meta‐analysis of single proportions
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Wiley Online Library
Dergi:
Research Synthesis Methods
Yazar(lar) :
Guido Schwarzer , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J. Abuu2010Raddad , Gerta Rücker
Yıl :
2019
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Standard generic inverse variance methods for the combination of single proportions are based on transformed proportions using the logit, arcsine, and Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformations. Generalized linear mixed models are another more elaborate approach. Irrespective of the approach, meta‐analysis results are typically back‐transformed to the original scale in order to ease interpretation. Whereas the back‐transformation of meta‐analysis results is straightforward for most transformations, this is not the case for the Freeman‐Tukey double arcsine transformation, albeit possible.
DOI : 10.1002/jrsm.1348
ISSN: 1759-2879
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 10
Sayfa: 476-483
22
Individual-level key associations and modes of exposure for hepatitis C virus infection in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic synthesis.
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
Ann Epidemiol
Yazar(lar) :
Sarwat Mahmud , Silva P Kouyoumjian , Zaina Al Kanaani , Hiam Chemaitelly , Laith J Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2018
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
To identify, map, and synthesize the individual-level key associations and modes of exposure for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the most affected region by HCV.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.03.007
Anahtar Kelimeler : Cohort study, Cross-sectional study, HCV, Mode of transmission, Risk behavior, Viral hepatitis
Sınıflandırma :
23
Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Scientific Reports
Yazar(lar) :
Sonia Chaabane , Manale Harfouche , Hiam Chemaitelly , Guido Schwarzer , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2019
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Abstract This study aimed at characterizing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). HSV-1 records were systematically reviewed. Findings were reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were implemented to estimate pooled mean HSV-1 seroprevalence. Random-effects meta-regressions were conducted to identify predictors of higher seroprevalence. Thirty-nine overall seroprevalence measures yielding 85 stratified measures were identified and included in the analyses. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 65.2% (95% CI: 53.6–76.1%) in children, and 91.5% (95% CI: 89.4–93.5%) in adults. By age group, seroprevalence was lowest at 60.5% (95% CI: 48.1–72.3%) in <10 years old, followed by 85.6% (95% CI: 80.5–90.1%) in 10–19 years old, 90.7% (95% CI: 84.7–95.5%) in 20–29 years old, and 94.3% (95% CI: 89.5–97.9%) in ≥30 years old. Age was the strongest predictor of seroprevalence explaining 44.3% of the variation. Assay type, sex, population type, year of data collection, year of publication, sample size, and sampling method were not significantly associated with seroprevalence. The a priori considered factors explained 48.6% of the variation in seroprevalence. HSV-1 seroprevalence persists at high levels in MENA with most infections acquired in childhood. There is no evidence for declines in seroprevalence despite improving socio-economic conditions.
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-018-37833-8
ISSN: 2045-2322
Cilt: 9
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 1 - 11
24
HSV-2 as a biomarker of HIV epidemic potential in female sex workers: meta-analysis, global epidemiology and implications
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Scientific Reports
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
Hiam Chemaitelly , Helen A. Weiss , Laith J. Abu-RaddadHiam Chemaitelly , Helen A. Weiss , Laith J. Abu-Raddad
Yıl :
2020
Hiam Chemaitelly
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Abstract\n This study investigated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seroprevalence utility as a predictor of HIV epidemic potential among female sex workers (FSWs) globally. We updated and analyzed a systematically-assembled database for paired HSV-2 and HIV seroprevalence measures among FSWs. The study identified 231 paired HSV-2/HIV prevalence measures from 40 countries. The pooled mean HIV prevalence using meta-analysis increased from 3.7% (95% CI 0.3–9.9%) among populations of FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence < 25% to 18.7% (95% CI 14.1–23.8%) among those with HSV-2 prevalence 75–100%. HIV prevalence was negligible in FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence ≤ 20% suggesting a threshold effect. Multivariable meta-regressions explained > 65% of HIV prevalence variation, and identified a strong positive HSV-2/HIV association. Compared to populations of FSWs with HSV-2 prevalence < 25%, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of HIV infection increased from 2.8 (95% CI 1.2–6.3) in those with HSV-2 prevalence 25–49%, to 13.4 (95% CI 6.1–29.9) in those with HSV-2 prevalence 75–100%. HSV-2 is a strong predictor of HIV epidemic potential among FSWs. HSV-2 prevalence of 25–49% indicates potential for intermediate-intensity HIV epidemics, with higher levels indicative of large epidemics. HSV-2 surveillance could inform HIV preparedness in countries where HIV prevalence among FSWs is still limited or at zero-level.
DOI : 10.1038/s41598-020-76380-z
ISSN: 2045-2322
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 10

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