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1
Mechanizms of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococci and Methods Used in The Diagnosis of Methicillin Resistance
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
1996
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
The most common mechanizm of methicillin resistance in staphylococci is the synthesis of a new penicillin binding protein (PBP2a). The genetic material responsible for PBP 2a syhthesis is carried in mec A gene. Only methicillin resistant staphylococci have this gene. It can be trasported to sensitive strains by transduction. There are also other genes (factor X, fem A, fem B, mec R mec I) which control the expression of mec A gene. As a result of interaction of these genes 2 types of PBP 2a related methicillin resistance occurs: Homogenous resistance, heterogeneous resistance. Besides chromosomal (intrinsic) resistance, methicillin resistnace in staphylococci can develop through secretion of beta lactamase enzymes or decrease in the affinity of PBS’s to beta lactam antibiotics.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Staphylococci, Methicillin Resistance
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 1
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 14 - 17
Sınıflandırma :
2
CDC 2013 Urinary Tract Infections with New Diagnostic Criteria
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2014
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 19
Sayı: 3
Sayfa: 118 - 145
3
Resistance to antimicrobial agents in Mediterranean countries
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Deniz Gür , Serhat Ünal
Yıl :
2001
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00310-1
Anahtar Kelimeler : Antimicrobial resistanceu2013Mediterranean, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Enterococcus, Salmonella, Shigella
ISSN: 0924-8579
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 17
Sayfa: 21-26
Sınıflandırma :
4
Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: Overview and Current Status
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Şehnaz ALP , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2020
Serhat ÜNAL
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
In the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. The disease was later named as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and the causative agent was designated as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Even though the disease was suggested to be of zoonotic origin, human to human spread was also described and became the main mode of transmission. The number of cases significantly increased within a short period of time and the disease spread worldwide. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization announced COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. As of May 6, 2020, it has been reported that there are 3.588.773 people diagnosed with COVID-19 among 215 countries, territories or areas, and 247.503 people have died from the disease. In our country, the first case was identified on March 10, 2020, and the first death from the disease was reported on March 17, 2020. According to the data announced on May 6, 2020, the total number of cases detected in our country was 131.744, and the number of deaths related to the disease was 3584. The knowledge on the characteristics and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 has been increasing day by day. Sequence analysis of the viral genome enabled the development of diagnostic tests and facilitated the initiation of research on both therapeutic options and vaccine development. In this review article, current information on the biology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 was discussed.
DOI : 10.5578/flora.69574
Anahtar Kelimeler : severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, sars-cov-2, coronavirus disease-2019, covid-19, novel coronavirus
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 25
Sayı: 2
Sayfa: 111 - 120
Sınıflandırma :
5
Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompetent Adults in Turkey
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Hakan ERDEM , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2007
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Anahtar Kelimeler : Pneumonia, Community-acquired infections, Treatment, Immunocompetence
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 12
Sayı: 2
Sayfa: 67 - 79
Sınıflandırma :
6
Fever in the Intensive Care Unit
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Gökhan METAN , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2004
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Anahtar Kelimeler : Fever, Intensive care
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 9
Sayı: 3
Sayfa: 172 - 182
7
Viral Load Measurement in HIV/AIDS Patients
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Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Serdar TUNCER , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
1997
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
With respect to HIV pathogenesis, it is known that the asymptomatic, so called clinical latency phase is far from the quiescent period it was once thought to be. More potent antiretroviral drugs and their use in clinical trials made viral load measurements quite important. Rapid and reliable quantitative assays for viral load are possible by the use of nucleic acid amplification techniques. New and accurate means of monitoring viral load by these techniques are now available to predict disease progression and monitor the effects of the therapy. It is now recommended that both viral load measurement and CD4+ T-cell count should be used concurrently to manage HIV disease and to evaluate new drugs.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Viral Load, Nucleic Acid Amplification
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 2
Sayı: 3
Sayfa: 159 - 163
Sınıflandırma :
Viroloji %96
8
Risk factors influencing clinical outcome in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in a Turkish University Hospital
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Arzu Topeli , Serhat Ünal , H.Erdal Akalin
Yıl :
2000
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
A total of 101 episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia were evaluated for the factors influencing prognosis. The overall episode mortality rate and the mortality rate due to bacteraemia were 43.6 and 21.8%, respectively. Episodes with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia had a significantly higher overall mortality rate (58.7 vs. 30.9%, P<0.01) and mortality rate due to bacteraemia (32.6 vs. 12.7%, P=0.02) when compared with episodes caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The multivariate analysis revealed that the underlying disease, presence of infective endocarditis, septic shock and central intravascular catheter and methicillin resistance of S. aureus were the five independent risk factors associated with a higher mortality rate.
DOI : 10.1016/s0924-8579(99)00147-8
Anahtar Kelimeler : Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteraemia, Mortality, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
ISSN: 0924-8579
Sayı: 1
Cilt: 14
Sayfa: 57-63
Sınıflandırma :
9
Paradoksik Cevap Görülen Bir Miliyer Tüberküloz Olgusu
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Serhat ÜNAL , İbrahim Koral ÖNAL
Yıl :
2004
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 9
Sayı: 3
Sayfa: 232 - 232
Sınıflandırma :
10
2019 Coronavirus Pandemic in Turkey and Across the World
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Ahmet Görkem ER , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2020
Serhat ÜNAL
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
The novel coronavirus, which was called 2019-nCoV at the beginning of the outbreak, was named SARS-CoV-2 later. The clinical disease caused by the virus was also called Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on 11.03.2020. As of 26.03.2020, there have been 462.684 confirmed cases and 20.834 deaths globally, and these numbers are expected to increase in the coming days. The dynamics of virus spread are investigated with various models and outbreak parameters such as incubation time and basic reproduction number (R0) is tried to be illuminated. According to official numbers, as of 03.26.2020, there have also been 3629 cases and 75 deaths in Turkey. COVID-19 Guideline prepared by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey is constantly updated with additional prevention and treatment strategies. Various predictions are made for the future course of the pandemic, and the contribution of the spread of the virus in Africa and seasonal changes on this issue has been investigated.
DOI : 10.5578/flora.202001
Anahtar Kelimeler : sars-cov-2, coronavirus pandemic, covid-19, turkey
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 25
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 1 - 8
Sınıflandırma :
11
Natural History and Classification of HIV Disease and Initial Evaluation of HIV Infected Adult Patient
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Gülay SAİN GÜVEN , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2001
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Anahtar Kelimeler : Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Classification, Initial evaluation
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 6
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 12 - 21
Sınıflandırma :
Viroloji %93
12
New Therapeutic Approaches in Sepsis
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Mine DURUSU TANRIÖVER , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2004
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Anahtar Kelimeler : Sepsis, Therapy, Activated protein C, Heme oxygenase, Ethyl pyruvate, Carbonmonoxide
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 9
Sayı: 4
Sayfa: 237 - 245
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Antikorlar %49
13
An Alternative Medical Diagnosis Method: Biosensors for Virus Detection
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak 1:
MDPI
Kaynak 2:
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Biosensors
Yayıncı:
MDPI AG
Yazar(lar) :
Yeşeren Saylan , Özgecan Erdem , Serhat Ünal , Adil Denizli
Yıl :
2019
Serhat Ünal
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Infectious diseases still pose an omnipresent threat to global and public health, especially in many countries and rural areas of cities. Underlying reasons of such serious maladies can be summarized as the paucity of appropriate analysis methods and subsequent treatment strategies due to the limited access of centralized and equipped health care facilities for diagnosis. Biosensors hold great impact to turn our current analytical methods into diagnostic strategies by restructuring their sensing module for the detection of biomolecules, especially nano-sized objects such as protein biomarkers and viruses. Unquestionably, current sensing platforms require continuous updates to address growing challenges in the diagnosis of viruses as viruses change quickly and spread largely from person-to-person, indicating the urgency of early diagnosis. Some of the challenges can be classified in biological barriers (specificity, low number of targets, and biological matrices) and technological limitations (detection limit, linear dynamic range, stability, and reliability), as well as economical aspects that limit their implementation into resource-scarce settings. In this review, the principle and types of biosensors and their applications in the diagnosis of distinct infectious diseases were comprehensively explained. The deployment of current biosensors into resource-scarce settings is further discussed for virus detection by elaborating the pros and cons of existing methods as a conclusion and future perspective.
DOI : 10.3390/bios9020065
ISSN: 2079-6374
Sayı: 2
Cilt: 9
Sayfa: 65
Sınıflandırma :
14
Knowledge and Attitudes Among Hospital Pharmacists About COVID-19
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Yazar(lar) :
Emre KARA , Kutay DEMİRKAN , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2020
Serhat ÜNAL
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Objectives:Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases and deaths related to the virus have been reported all over the world. Pharmacists play an important role in conveying accurate information about COVID-19 to the community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes among hospital pharmacists about COVID-19.Materials and Methods:A questionnaire was distributed to pharmacists participating in the 7th National Hospital and Institution Pharmacists Congress. The questions included in this questionnaire were created using the Turkish COVID-19 Scientific Committee guideline (COVID-19 Guideline).Results:Analysis of 237 questionnaires (72.6% completed by women) showed that the media (television, newspaper), internet (nonscientific resources), internet (scientific resources), and social media were the most popular sources of information (60.3%, 53.6%, 53.2%, and 41.4%, respectively). The participants’ age and the source of information that they used had an important influence on their knowledge of and attitudes towards COVID-19 infection. The majority of the participants (72.6%) stated that they were not wearing any kind of mask. Transmission of the disease by airborne route was well known by the participants (91.1%), as well as the main symptoms such as fever (92.4%), cough (84.4%), and dyspnea (60.3%). The participants were aware of the risk groups for COVID-19 infection such as advanced age (84.8%) and having comorbidities (80.2%). Washing hands with soap (92.0%), using hand disinfectants (80.6%), and avoiding contact with sick people (81.9%) were popular answers for protection from the disease, but wearing an N95 mask was also mentioned by 59.1% of the participants. Prevention of the disease by rinsing the nose with saline solution was believed in by 43.9% of the participants.Conclusion:Classical media and social media affect the attitudes of both the public and health professionals. Using media tools for accurate information is one of the basic conditions for preventing and controlling the spread of the disease.
DOI : 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.72325
Anahtar Kelimeler : covid-19, hospital pharmacists, knowledge, attitudes
Cilt: 17
Sayı: 3
Sayfa: 242 - 248
Sınıflandırma :
15
Comparison of Diagnostic Subgroup Survivals of Patients Who Admitted for Fever of Unknown Etiology Evaluation: Long-term Results of Single-centre, Prospective Study
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Emre BİLGİN , Serhat ÜNAL , Umut KALYONCU
Yıl :
2019
Serhat ÜNAL
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Introduction: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is one of the most challenging clinical situations. Although several studies have shown a relatively benign course of patients that remain undiagnosed, long-term outcoms of patients with a certain diagnosis are still non-established. To describe the follow-up results of patients investigated for FUO, with a certain diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Data from patients admitted to the inpatient clinics of Hacettepe University Hospital inpatients Department of Internal Medicine with the complaint of FUO were collected prospectively from March 2015 to September 2017. Patients with an uncertain diagnosis after all diagnostic procedures were excluded. Patients were divided into 3 main subgroups: rheumatologic, infectious and malignant groups. We compared Kaplan-Meier curves for all diagnosis-to-death time frames with the standart log-rank test. p< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 106 patients were included, 58 (55%) of them were female. Median age was 48 (18-81) years. Patients were also divided into three subgroups: rheumatologic (RHE) (n= 49, 46.2%), infectious (INF) (n= 28, 26.4%) and malignant (MLG) (n= 29, 27.4%) causes; adult-onset Still’s disease (n= 20; 41% of), tuberculosis (n= 9; 32%) and lymphoma (n= 19; 66%) were the most common diagnosis among the groups, respectively. While there was no survival difference between the rheumatologic and infectious group, both of these groups had better survival than the malignant group (ROM-INF p= 0.13; ROM-MLG p= 0.001; INF-MLG p= 0.022). Among the female patients, there was only a significant survival difference between the rheumatologic and malignant group (ROM-INF p= 0.15; ROM-MLG p= 0.007; INF-MLG p= 0.42). Conclusion: Among the patients evaluated for FUO, survival rate was lower in patients who had a malignant diagnosis. Despite having lost its statistical significance after stratification for gender, mortality rate of the infectious group was followed the malignant group. Early diagnosis and treatment of infections may lower mortality rates. Further large-scaled epidemiological studies are needed.
DOI : 10.5578/flora.68036
Anahtar Kelimeler : Fever of unknown origin, Mortality, Infectious diseases
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 24
Sayı: 3
Sayfa: 199 - 206
16
Production of surface plasmon resonance based assay kit for hepatitis diagnosis
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Biosensors and Bioelectronics
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Lokman Uzun , Rıdvan Say , Serhat Ünal , Adil Denizli
Yıl :
2009
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-L-tyrosine methyl ester) (PHEMAT) film on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip was prepared for diagnosis of HBsAb in human serum. Gold SPR chip surface was modified with allyl mercaptane and, then, HBsAb-imprinted PHEMAT film was formed on the chip surface. Surface characterization of the non-modified, allyl mercaptane modified and HBsAb-imprinted PHEMAT SPR chips were investigated with contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM). Kinetic studies were performed using HBsAb positive human serum. In order to determine the kinetic and binding constants, Scatchard, Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir–Freundlich models were applied to experimental data. Scatchard curve shows that HBsAb imprinted SPR chip has some surface heterogeneity, SPR chip obeyed the Langmuir adsorption model. The maximum detection limit was 208.2 mIU/mL. KA and KD values are 0.015 mIU/mL and 66.0 mL/mIU, respectively. Control experiments of the SPR chip were performed using non-immunized, HBsAb negative serum. The control experiment results show that SPR chip does not give any noticeable response to HBsAb negative serum.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.021
Anahtar Kelimeler : Molecular imprinted polymers, Diagnostic kits, Hepatitis B, Surface plasmon resonance
ISSN: 0956-5663
Sayı: 9
Cilt: 24
Sayfa: 2878-2884
Sınıflandırma :
17
Hepatitis B surface antibody purification with hepatitis B surface antibody imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-l-tyrosine methyl ester) particles
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Journal of Chromatography B
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Lokman Uzun , Ridvon Say , Serhat Ünal , Adil Denizli
Yıl :
2009
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Hepatitis B surface antibody imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-l-tyrosine methyl ester) particles were prepared for the purification of hepatitis B surface antibody from human plasma. N-methacryloyl-l-tyrosine methyl ester was chosen as a complexing agent for hepatitis B surface antibodies. Hepatitis B surface antibody imprinted poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-l-tyrosine methyl ester) particles were characterized by surface area measurements, swelling test, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ethylene glycol (1.0 M) was used as desorption agent. Adsorption studies were performed from hepatitis B surface antibody and anti-hepatitis A antibody positive human plasma. Effects of antibody concentration, contact time, N-methacryloyl-l-tyrosine methyl ester content and temperature on the adsorption capacity were investigated. The amount of hepatitis B surface antibody adsorbed per unit mass increased with increasing hepatitis B surface antibody concentration, then reached saturation. Maximum hepatitis B surface antibody adsorption amount was 21.4 mIU/mg. Adsorption process reached the equilibrium in 60 min. Competitive adsorption of hepatitis B surface antibody, total anti-hepatitis A antibody and total immunoglobulin E was investigated for showing the selectivity. Hepatitis B surface antibody-imprinted particles could adsorb hepatitis B surface antibody 18.3 times more than anti-hepatitis A antibody and 2.2 times more than immunoglobulin E. It can be concluded that hepatitis B surface antibody-imprinted particles have significant selectivity for hepatitis B surface antibody.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.12.004
Anahtar Kelimeler : Molecular imprinted polymers, Hepatitis B, Affinity beads, Affinity purification
ISSN: 1570-0232
Sayı: 3
Cilt: 877
Sayfa: 181-188
Sınıflandırma :
Kimya %100
Kromatografi %73
18
Influenza A (H7N9): Is a Brand-new Pandemic at the Gates?
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Fatma AKSOY , Ahmet Çağkan İNKAYA , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2013
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 18
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 1 - 3
Sınıflandırma :
19
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Sensors for Medical Applications
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
MDPI
Dergi:
Sensors
Yayıncı:
MDPI AG
Yazar(lar) :
Yeşeren Saylan , Semra Akgönüllü , Handan Yavuz , Serhat Ünal , Adil Denizli
Yıl :
2019
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Sensors have been extensively used owing to multiple advantages, including exceptional sensing performance, user-friendly operation, fast response, high sensitivity and specificity, portability, and real-time analysis. In recent years, efforts in sensor realm have expanded promptly, and it has already presented a broad range of applications in the fields of medical, pharmaceutical and environmental applications, food safety, and homeland security. In particular, molecularly imprinted polymer based sensors have created a fascinating horizon for surface modification techniques by forming specific recognition cavities for template molecules in the polymeric matrix. This method ensures a broad range of versatility to imprint a variety of biomolecules with different size, three dimensional structure, physical and chemical features. In contrast to complex and time-consuming laboratory surface modification methods, molecular imprinting offers a rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, easy-to-use, and highly selective approaches for sensing, and especially for the applications of diagnosis, screening, and theranostics. Due to its physical and chemical robustness, high stability, low-cost, and reusability features, molecularly imprinted polymer based sensors have become very attractive modalities for such applications with a sensitivity of minute structural changes in the structure of biomolecules. This review aims at discussing the principle of molecular imprinting method, the integration of molecularly imprinted polymers with sensing tools, the recent advances and strategies in molecular imprinting methodologies, their applications in medical, and future outlook on this concept.
DOI : 10.3390/s19061279
ISSN: 1424-8220
Sayı: 6
Cilt: 19
Sayfa: 1279
Sınıflandırma :
Kimya %99
Nanokimya %47
20
Avian Influenza: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features and Treatment
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Gül Ruhsar YILMAZ , Mustafa Aydın ÇEVİK , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2007
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Anahtar Kelimeler : Avian influenza, Influenza
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 12
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 26 - 45
21
Comparison of Laboratory Methods for Detection of Pneumocystis carinii
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Serdar TUNCER , Sibel ERGÜVEN , Sesin KOCAGÖZ , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
1998
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Detection of P. carinii is increased by the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), particularly on sputum samples. In this study, sputum samples obtained from 30 immunosuppressed patients with respiratory symptoms (12 HIV infected) were tested by standard cytochemical staining (Giemsa and methenamine silver), immunofluorescense (IF) staining and PCR for detection of P. carinii and the results were compared. P. carinii were detected in 4, 8, and 13 sputum samples by cytological staining, IF test and PCR, respectively. Specific amplification bands were obtained in all sputum samples which were positive by both other tests. All tests gave negative results in sputum samples obtained from 5 HIV infected asymptomatic patients. Our observations suggest that PCR results were found to be well correlated with P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) especially in non-HIV infected patients. However, PCR positivity obtained on HIV infected patients could be misleading in the diagnosis of PCP without careful clinical evaluation. Positive results obtained by Giemsa staining or IF test confirm diagnosis of PCP with high degree correlation. As a result, we suggest testing sputum samples by both PCR and IF techniques for detection of P. carinii.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Pneumocystis carini, Diagnosis, Immunofluorescense
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 3
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 20 - 25
Sınıflandırma :
22
Recreational Drugs and Antiretrovirals: Is It Worth the World or Trivial?
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Mediterranean Journal of Infection, Microbes and Antimicrobials
Yazar(lar) :
Emre KARA , Ahmet Çağkan İNKAYA , Kutay DEMİRKAN , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2016
Serhat ÜNAL
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
According to the World Health Organization, 1 out of 200 people in the world was living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 2015 and four new HIV infections occurred each minute. A relationship between HIV infection and recreational drug use was evident from the very beginning of the HIV epidemic. Recreational drug use is more common in patients living with HIV/AIDS compared to others. Needle-sharing activities, psychological and cognitive consequences of the abused substances facilitate new infections. It is assumed that 1.650.000 individuals were infected with HIV out of 12.190.000 intravenous drug users in 158 countries in 2013. Cytochrome isoenzymes (i.e. CYP3A4, CYP2D6) are responsible from metabolism of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors and chemokine receptor 5 inhibitors as well as recreational drugs. Recreational and antiretroviral drugs (ARV) may share the same metabolic pathways resulting in drug interactions. Drug interactions may occur because of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs. Induction of CYP3A4 (due to cocaine, tobacco, chronic alcohol use, etc.) may lead to decreased antiretroviral treatment (ART) effectiveness and increased risk of metabolites-related toxicity, however, inhibition of CYP3A4 (due to marijuana, acute alcohol use, etc.) may lead to increased side effects and drug toxicity. The feeling of moving away from reality and reduction of social pressure associated with recreational drugs mean all the world to the user. However, drug interaction risk makes it challenging for the physicians, when it is time for the selection of ARV. Therefore, physicians’ awareness on the interaction of these drugs is very important. Interactions with recreational drugs should be considered when prescribing ART for these patients. Integrase inhibitors and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors are safe to use in these circumstances. In this paper, drug interactions between ARV and alcohol, benzodiazepines, opiates, cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy, lysergic acid diethylamide, ketamine, gamma hydroxylbutyrate, marihuana, and phencyclidine are reviewed.
DOI : 10.4274/mjima.2016.11
Anahtar Kelimeler : Recreational drugs, antiretroviral drugs, drug interactions, Human immunodeficiency virus, drug metabolism
ISSN: 2147-673X
Cilt: 5
Sınıflandırma :
23
Aminoglycoside Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria: Recent Developments and the Results of the Turkish Survey
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Ufuk ÖVER , Deniz GÜR , Serhat ÜNAL , George H. MILLER
Yıl :
2000
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Resistance mechanisms of gram-negative bacteria to aminoglycoside antibiotics differs by region and country. Aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms (Ag RMs) in gram-negative isolates resistant to either one of gentamicin (G), tobramycin (T), netilmicin (N) and amikacin (A) collected in different regions of Turkey were determined by both phenotyping and genotyping methods. Phenotyping was performed on the basis of relative resistance profiles of the isolates to 12 aminoglycoside antibiotics. Genotypically, Ag RMs of the isolates were determined by using hybridization assay including 22 common aminoglycoside resistance gene probes. Among 585 aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative bacteria, resistance rates were highest for gentamicin (91.5%) followed by tobramycin (93.2%), netilmicin (62.1%), and amikacin (48.2%). Although isepamicin (I) was the most active aminoglycoside in-vitro against gram-negative bacteria, resistance rate (29.2%) for this drug was higher than in most of the other countries surveyed in earlier studies. The most common Ag RMs [AAC(3)-II (GTN), AAC(6’)-I (TNA), ANT(2”)-I (GT)] in earlier studies, were also present in this study. In addition to those mechanisms, two new mechanisms were observed. AAC(6’)-III (TNAI), occurred in both Enterobacteriaceae (11.9%) and Pseudomonas spp.(19.3%). Despite the high incidence of the other new mechanism, AAC(6’)-IV (GTNA) in Enterobacteriaceae (26.9%), it was not determined in Pseudomonas spp. All these mechanisms were mostly found in combination with each other or with less occurring resistance mechanisms except for AAC(6’)-IV which mostly occurred alone. The incidence of combinations of the most common resistance mechanisms were high in both Enterobacteriaceae (48%) and Pseudomonas spp. (58.7%). High incidence of combinations reflects the high resistance rates to clinically useful aminoglycosides (G, T, N, A, I) in gram-negative bacteria. Although enzymatic resistance mechanisms [AAC(3)-I (16.6%), AAC(6’)-II (29.3%), AAC(6’)-III (19.3%), ANT(2”)-I (40%)] were frequent in Pseudomonas spp., permeability resistance seems to be responsible for resistance to a wide range of clinically available aminoglycosides in this organism.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms, Gram-negative bacteria
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 5
Sayı: 3
Sayfa: 168 - 178
Sınıflandırma :
24
Epidemiological Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Hospital Infections by Using Arbitrarily Primed-Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR)
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Serap ŞİMŞEK YAVUZ , Sesin KOCAGÖZ , Paşa GÖKTAŞ , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2001
Serhat ÜNAL
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
After 6 months surveillance of nosocomial infections at Dr. Siyami Ersek Cardiothoracic Surgery Center between December 1st 1995 to May 1st 1996, it was found that 39% (24/61) of nosocomial and 64% (18/28) of surgical site infections were caused by MRSA. The overall percentage of MRSA among all Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be 62.5% (45/72) during the study period and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were similar with each other in 89% (40/45) of these MRSA strains. To identify the potential sources of MRSA infections in this institution, nasal swab cultures of health care workers (HCW) were taken and the nasal colonization rate was found to be 2.8% (5/173). The strains that were isolated from patients and HCW’s were evaluated by AP-PCR. It was found that 75% (33/45) of the patient strains were similar with each other. One of the five strains isolated from HCW’s was similar with these strains. Although nasal colonization of that HCW had been treated effectively with mupirocin, MRSA infection rate wasn’t decreased at this hospital. Since MRSA carriage rate was not high in HCW’s and, most of the MRSA strains isolated from HCW’s were found to be different in genetic type from the patients’ strains, for the transmission of MRSA, it was concluded that nasal colonization of HCW’s with MRSA is not a major source of infections in our hospital.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Epidemiologic investigation, AP-PCR
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 6
Sayı: 4
Sayfa: 231 - 239
Sınıflandırma :
25
Nephrotoxicity of piperacillin/tazobactam combined with vancomycin: should it be a concern?
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
PubMed
Dergi:
Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents
Yazar(lar) :
Cafer Balcı , Ömrüm Uzun , Mustafa Arıcı , Sibel Aşçıoğlu Hayran , Deniz Yüce , Serhat Ünal
Konu :
Acute Kidney Injury, Adult, Aged, Creatinine, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Humans, Kidney, Logistic Models, Male, Meropenem, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Middle Aged, Penicillanic Acid, Piperacillin, Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination, Pseudomonas Infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Retrospective Studies, Staphylococcal Infections, Thienamycins, Vancomycin
Yıl :
2018
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
The combination of piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) and vancomycin (VAN) provides a wide spectrum of activity against many pathogens acquired in healthcare settings. However, there have been reports of increased potential for nephrotoxicity with this combination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nephrotoxic effect of TZP+VAN and to compare it with that of TZP and VAN monotherapies as well as VAN + meropenem (MEM), another broad-spectrum combination. A total of 402 patients receiving any of the antimicrobial regimens for >48 h were evaluated retrospectively over a 2-year period (2012-2013). Patients admitted to the intensive care unit, those with a baseline serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dL, patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, pregnant women and those in septic shock were excluded. The presence and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) was assessed according to the AKIN criteria. The incidence of AKI was significantly higher in the TZP+VAN group (41.3%) compared with the TZP (16.0%), VAN (15.7%) and VAN+MEM (10.1%) groups (P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the risk of AKI increased 3.5-fold in patients treated with TZP+VAN and 1.7-fold in those who were receiving a potentially nephrotoxic drug when the antibiotic regimen was started compared with patients treated with VAN alone. Combined use of TZP+VAN carries a much higher risk of AKI than either antibiotic monotherapy regimen. Therefore, this broad-spectrum combination should be used cautiously in patients with a high likelihood of developing kidney injury.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.03.024
Anahtar Kelimeler : Acute kidney injury, Meropenem, Nephrotoxicity, Piperacillin/tazobactam, Vancomycin
26
Pathogenic antibody removal using magnetically stabilized fluidized bed
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Journal of Chromatography B
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Mehmet Odabaşı , Nihal Özkayar , Serpil Özkara , Serhat Ünal , Adil Denizli
Yıl :
2005
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Magnetic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (mPHEMA) beads were used in the removal of anti-dsDNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient plasma in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed. mPHEMA beads, in the size range of 80–120 μm, were produced by suspension technique. Then, DNA was immobilized onto mPHEMA beads by carbodiimide activation. Magnetic beads were contacted with blood in in vitro systems. Loss of blood cells and clotting times were followed. mPHEMA beads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Important results obtained in this study are as follows: the mPHEMA beads have a spherical shape and porous structure. Loss of cells in the blood contacting with mPHEMA/DNA was negligible. The anti-dsDNA adsorption capacity decreased significantly with the increase of the flow-rate. With increasing anti-dsDNA antibody concentration, the amount of antibody adsorbed per unit mass increased, then reached saturation. Maximum anti-dsDNA antibody adsorption capacity was found to be 97.8 mg/g. Pathogenic antibody molecules could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with these magnetic beads without noticeable loss in their antibody adsorption capacity. Because of the good blood-compatibility, mPHEMA is hopeful for the treatment of SLE by magnetically stabilized fluidized bed systems in the future.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.08.004
Anahtar Kelimeler : Antibody removal, Magnetic adsorbents, Affinity beads, DNA, SLE
ISSN: 1570-0232
Sayı: 1-2
Cilt: 826
Sayfa: 50-57
Sınıflandırma :
27
PHEMA cryogel for in-vitro removal of anti-dsDNA antibodies from SLE plasma
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Materials Science and Engineering: C
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
Erdoğan Özgür , Nilay Bereli , Deniz Türkmen , Serhat Ünal , Adil Denizli
Yıl :
2011
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Supermacroporous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) cryogel carrying DNA was used in the removal of anti-dsDNA antibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient plasma. The PHEMA cryogel was prepared by bulk polymerization which proceeds in an aqueous solution of monomer frozen inside a plastic syringe. After thawing, the PHEMA cryogel contains a continuous matrix having interconnected macropores of 10–200 μm size. Pore volume in the PHEMA cryogel was 67.5%. Ester groups in the PHEMA structure were converted to imine groups by reacting with poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) in the presence of NaHCO3. Amino (− NH2) content of PEI-modified PHEMA cryogel was determined as 82 mg PEI/g. Then, DNA was attached onto the PHEMA cryogel via amino groups (53.4 mg DNA/g cryogel). Anti-dsDNA-antibody concentration declined significantly from 780 IU/ml to 80 IU/ml with the time. The maximum anti-dsDNA-antibody adsorption amount was 70 × 103 IU/g. Anti-dsDNA-antibodies could be repeatedly adsorbed and eluted without noticeable loss in the anti-dsDNA-antibody adsorption amount.
DOI : 10.1016/j.msec.2011.02.012
Anahtar Kelimeler : Antibody removal, Anti-dsDNA, PHEMA, Cryogels, DNA, SLE
ISSN: 0928-4931
Sayı: 5
Cilt: 31
Sayfa: 915-920
Sınıflandırma :
28
HIV Positive Patient with Respiratory Insufficiency
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Flora Infeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi
Yazar(lar) :
Ahmet ÇAĞKAN İNKAYA , Ebru ORTAÇ ERSOY , Serpil ÖCAL , Serhat ÜNAL
Yıl :
2016
Serhat ÜNAL
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
HIV epidemic, itself, was first diagnosed after lung related mortality and morbidity among young men. Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infections, cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia and opportunistic fungal infections must be remembered in the differential diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients presenting with respiratory distress. A fifty-three year-old male patient with HIV associated nephropathy applied to our clinic due to fever and respiratory distress, which did not respond to broad-spectrum antibacterial treatment. HIV viral replication was suppressed for a year. His vaccination status was up-to-date against seasonal influenza and pneumococci. Massive pulmonary thromboembolism was diagnosed. The patient was put on a fibrinolytic treatment.
DOI : 10.5578/flora.20955
Anahtar Kelimeler : HIV infection, HIVAN, Thromboembolism, Fibrinolytic therapy
ISSN: 1300-932X
Cilt: 21
Sayı: 4
Sayfa: 182 - 185
Sınıflandırma :
29
Osteoporosis In Turkish HIV/AIDS patients: comparative analysis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and digital X-ray radiogrammetry
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Link
Dergi:
Osteoporosis International
Yazar(lar) :
Levent Özçakar , Gulay Sain Guven , Serhat Ünal , Ayşen Akıncı
Konu :
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Yıl :
2005
Serhat Ünal
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Recently, osteoporosis has attracted concern among physicians treating patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Many confounding factors are assumed to play a role in its pathogenesis. The discussion has increased dramatically since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and, in fact, the pertinent data have become much more contradictory. In this study, we have evaluated the BMD of our HIV/AIDS patients, comparatively by two methodologies: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR). The study comprised 27 HIV/AIDS patients (15 males, 12 females). Bone mineral density measurements using DXA (Hologic QDR-4500) were performed at the lumbar spine (L1–L4), femur and distal radius. DXR evaluations were done by Pronosco X-posure system (Sectra Pronosco, Denmark) using the X-ray graphs of the patients’ non-dominant hands. Nine patients (33.33%) were found to have osteoporosis. Fourteen (51.85%) had osteopenia and four (14.81%) were normal. Estimated BMD and cortical thickness measurements obtained from DXR significantly correlated with lumbar, femoral and radial DXA measurements. Whether disease-related or drug-related, the tendency to a decline in the bone mass of these patients exists, and future studies are awaited to unravel the clinical significance of osteopenia, risk of fracture and the individual differences between HAART regimens in HIV/AIDS. We also believe that launching screening and treatment guidelines for osteoporosis in these patients will then become reasonable. Last but not least, DXR appears to be a promising tool in this regard.
DOI : 10.1007/s00198-005-1847-y
Anahtar Kelimeler : AIDS, DXA, DXR, HIV, Osteoporosis
ISSN: 0937-941X 1433-2965
Sayı: 11
Cilt: 16
Sayfa: 1363-1367

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