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Essays in Energy and Environmental Economics
Tez

Tez
Kaynak :
NDTLD Thesis
Dergi:
The University of Arizona.
Yayıncı:
The University of Arizona.
Yazar(lar) :
Anatolii V. Kokoza
Yıl :
2017
Anatolii V. Kokoza
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
My dissertation considers three important aspects of energy and environmental economics: integration of renewable energy into the electricity grid, health impacts of oil and natural gas extraction, and a model of traffic dynamics that permits hypercongestion to arise. In my first chapter, I investigate the benefits and costs of geographically differentiating subsidies for rooftop solar photovoltaic systems. I estimate the intermittency costs of solar and subsidy spending required to achieve a given target by combining a model of the residential solar installation decision with a model of a system operator managing the region's electric grid. I find that offering the subsidy to a broader range of areas, rather than concentrating subsidies in the sunniest areas, reduces both intermittency costs and subsidy spending. I also find that differentiating subsidies to target the sunniest sites can reduce the subsidy spending needed to meet a solar generation target by over 5%. These savings are greater than the additional intermittency costs imposed by concentrating installations in the sunniest areas. Finally, I find there there is more to gain from differentiating subsidies in climatically and demographically diverse areas. In my second chapter, written with Wesley Blundell, we consider the health impacts of natural gas and oil extraction in North Dakota. In particular we focus on the health impacts of natural gas flaring, which is the combustion of unprocessed natural gas at wells. Flaring results in the combustion of various contaminants and complex hydrocarbons which leads to local air pollution. We focus on hospital visits related to respiratory and cardiovascular ailments. We find an effect of natural gas flaring on respiratory hospital admittances for zip codes within 30 and 60 miles of wells, but the effect diminishes at 90 and 120 miles. We also do not find any significant effects on cardiovascular visits, which are less likely to be exacerbated by air pollution. We also perform a placebo test using hospital admittances due to trauma in which we do not find any impact of natural gas flaring. My third chapter, written with Richard Arnott and Mehdi Naji, considers a top priority in transportation economics: the development of a model of rush-hour traffic dynamics that incorporate hypercongestion -- situations of heavy congestion where throughput decreases as traffic density increases. Unfortunately, even the simplest models along these lines appear in general to be analytically intractable, and none of the models that have made approximations in order to achieve tractability has gained widespread acceptance. We take a different tack, developing an analytical solution for a special case -- a no-toll equilibrium in an isotropic downtown area with identical commuters, the Greenshields' congestion technology, and the α - β cost function with no late arrivals permitted.
2
Efficient transformation of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti using the piggyBac transposable element vector pBac3xP3-EGFP afm
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
V. Kokoza , A. Ahmed , E.A. Wimmer , A.S. Raikhel
Yıl :
2001
V. Kokoza
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
We report efficient germ-line transformation in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti accomplished using the piggyBac transposable element vector pBac[3xP3-EGFP afm]. Two transgenic lines were established and characterized; each contained the Vg-Defensin A transgene with strong eye-specific expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker gene regulated by the artificial 3xP3 promoter. Southern blot hybridization and inverse PCR analyses of genomic DNA demonstrated a precise piggyBac-mediated, single copy insertion of the pBac[3xP3-EGFP afm,Vg-DefA] transposon in each transgenic line. For each line, genetic analysis confirmed stability and integrity of the entire transposon construct in the mosquito genome through the G2–G6 generations. Successful establishment of homozygous transgenic lines indicated that in both cases a non-lethal integration of the transposon into the mosquito genome had occurred. The 3xP3-EGFP marker was tested in mosquitoes with different genetic backgrounds. In white-eyed transgenic mosquitoes, the strong eye-specific expression of GFP was observed throughout all stages of development, starting from newly hatched first instar larvae to adults. A similar level and pattern of fluorescence was observed in red-eyed mosquitoes that were generated by crossing the 3xP3-EGFP transformants with the khw white-eye mosquitoes transformed with the Drosophila cinnabar gene. Importantly, the utility of the 3xP3-EGFP, as marker gene for transformation of wild type mosquitoes, was demonstrated by strong eye-specific GFP expression in larval and pupal stages of black-eyed hybrids of the 3xP3-EGFP white-eye transformants and the wild type Rockefeller/UGAL strain. Finally, analysis of the Vg-DefA transgene expression in transformants from two established lines demonstrated strong blood-meal activation and fat-body-specific expression regulated by the Vg 1.8-kb 5′ upstream region.
DOI : 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00120-5
ISSN: 0965-1748
Sayı: 12
Cilt: 31
Sayfa: 1137-1143
Sınıflandırma :
3
Regulatory region of the vitellogenin receptor gene sufficient for high-level, germ line cell-specific ovarian expression in transgenic Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Science Direct
Dergi:
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Yayıncı:
Elsevier
Yazar(lar) :
K CHO , H CHEON , V KOKOZA , A RAIKHEL
Yıl :
2006
V KOKOZA
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Vitellogenin receptor (VgR) is responsible for the receptor-mediated endocytosis of vitellogenin (Vg) in the egg formation of an oviparous animal, including insects. Little is known about regulation of VgR gene expression. We analyzed the upstream region of the VgR gene from Aedes aegypti (AaVgR) to identify regulatory elements responsible for its expression in germ cell-specific ovarian expression. Experiments with genetic transformation using the transgene containing the 1.5-Kb upstream portion of the AaVgR gene fused with DsRed and the piggyBac vector showed that this regulatory region is sufficient for correct female and ovary-specific expression of the transgene. This 1.5-Kb upstream region contained binding sites for the ecdysone regulatory hierarchy early gene products E74 and BR-C, as well as transcription factors determining correct tissue- and stage-specific expression of GATA and HNF3/fkh. In situ hybridization demonstrated that in the ovaries of transgenic females DsRed mRNA was present in ovarian germ cells and nurse cells of mature ovarian follicles, together with VgR mRNA. In contrast, DsRed mRNA was absent in the oocyte that had a high level of endogenous VgR mRNA. Although the 1.5-Kb upstream region was sufficient to drive a high-level germ line cell-specific expression of the reporter, additional signals were required for translocation of exogenous mRNA from nurse cells into the oocyte.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.01.005
ISSN: 0965-1748
Sayı: 4
Cilt: 36
Sayfa: 273-281
Sınıflandırma :
4
The sex locus is tightly linked to factors conferring sex-specific lethal effects in the mosquito Aedes aegypti
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Springer Nature
Dergi:
Heredity
Yayıncı:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Yazar(lar) :
E Krzywinska , V Kokoza , M Morris , E de la Casa-Esperon , A S Raikhel , J KrzywinskiE Krzywinska , V Kokoza , M Morris , E de la Casa-Esperon , A S Raikhel , J Krzywinski
Yıl :
2016
V Kokoza V Kokoza
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.1038/hdy.2016.57
ISSN: 0018-067X
Sayı: 6
Cilt: 117
Sayfa: 408-416
5
The RNA-Seq approach to studying the expression of mosquito mitochondrial genes
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
Wiley Online Library
Dergi:
Insect Molecular Biology
Yazar(lar) :
M. Neira-Oviedo , A. Tsyganov-Bodounov , G. J. Lycett , V. Kokoza , A. S. Raikhel , J. Krzywinski
Konu :
Insect Science, Genetics, Molecular Biology
Yıl :
2010
V. Kokoza
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
In this study, we used extensive expressed sequence tag evidence obtained through 454 and Solexa next‐generation sequencing to explore mtDNA transcription in male and female first instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and adults of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Anopheles quadrimaculatus. Relative abundances of individual transcripts differed considerably within each sample, consistent with the differential stability of messenger RNA species. Large differences were also observed between species and between larval and adult stages; however, the male and female larval samples were remarkably similar. Quantitative PCR analysis of selected genes, cox1, l‐rRNA and nd5, in larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti and in An. gambiae adults was consistent with the RNA‐Seq‐based quantification of expression. Finally, the absence of a conserved mtDNA region involved in transcriptional control in other dipterans suggests that mosquitoes have evolved a distinct mechanism of regulation of gene expression in the mitochondrion.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2010.01053.x
ISSN: 0962-1075
Sayı: 2
Cilt: 20
Sayfa: 141-152

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