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Facilitating Collective Psychosocial Resilience in the Public in Emergencies: Twelve Recommendations Based on the Social Identity Approach
Araştırma Makalesi

Araştırma Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Aperta - TÜBİTAK Açık Arşivi
Dergi:
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Yazar(lar) :
Richard Amlot , Selin Tekin Guven , Evangelos Ntontis , Chris Cocking , Holly Carter , John Drury
Yıl :
2019
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
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Accumulated evidence demonstrates the centrality of social psychology to the behavior of members of the public as immediate responders in emergencies. Such public behavior is a function of social psychological processes-in particular identities and norms. In addition, what the authorities and relevant professional groups assume about the social psychology of people in emergencies shapes policy and practice in preparedness, response, and recovery. These assumptions therefore have consequences for the public's ability to act as immediate responders. In this Policy and Practice Review, we will do three things. First, we will overview research on the behavior of survivors of emergencies and disasters, drawing out key factors known to explain the extent to which survivors cooperate in these events and contribute to safe collective outcomes. We will demonstrate the utility of the social identity approach as an overarching framework for explaining the major mechanisms of collective supportive behavior among survivors in emergencies. Second, we will critically review recent and current UK government agency guidance on emergency response, focusing particularly on what is stated about the role of survivors in emergencies and disasters. This review will suggest that the "community resilience" agenda has only been partly realized in practice, but that the social identity approach is progressing this. Third, we will derive from the research literature and from dialogue with groups involved in emergencies a set of 12 recommendations for both emergency managers and members of the public affected by emergencies and disasters. These focus on the crucial need to build shared identity and to communicate, and the connection between these two aims. Including our recommendations within emergency guidance and training will facilitate collective psychosocial resilience, which refers to the way a shared identity allows groups of survivors to express and expect solidarity and cohesion, and thereby to coordinate and draw upon collective sources of support. In sum, this evidence-base and the recommendations we derive from it will help professionals involved in emergency management to support public resilient behaviors and will help the public to develop and maintain their own capacity for such resilience.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00141
Sayi :7
Sınıflandırma :
2
Declines in Spending Despite Positive Returns on Investment: Understanding Public Health's Wrong Pocket Problem
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
J. Mac McCullough , J. Mac McCullough
Yıl :
2019
Frontiers in Public Health
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DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00159
Anahtar Kelimeler : public health spending, return on investment, wrong pocket problem, public health departments, public health economics
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 7
Sınıflandırma :
Finans %46
Sigorta %80
3
Pilot Evaluation of a New Urine Progesterone Test to Confirm Ovulation in Women Using a Fertility Monitor
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Thomas P. Bouchard , Richard J. Fehring , Mary Schneider
Yıl :
2019
Frontiers in Public Health
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Background: Progesterone rises ~24–36 h after ovulation. Past studies using ultrasound-confirmed ovulation have shown that three consecutive tests with a threshold of 5μg/mL of urine progesterone (pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, PDG), taken after the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, confirmed ovulation with 100% specificity.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to a evaluate a new urine PDG self-test to retrospectively confirm ovulation in women who were monitoring ovulation using a hormonal fertility monitor.Methods: Thirteen women of reproductive age were recruited to test urine PDG while using their home hormonal fertility monitor. The monitor measured the rise in estrogen (estrone-3-glucuronide, E3G) and LH to estimate the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. The women used an online menstrual cycle charting system to track E3G, LH and PDG levels for four menstrual cycles.Results: The participants (Mean age 33.6) produced 34 menstrual cycles of data (Mean length 28.4 days), 17 of which used a PDG test with a threshold of 7μg/mL and 17 with a threshold of 5μg/mL. In the cycles that used the 7μg/mL test strips, 59% had a positive confirmation of ovulation, and with the 5μg/mL test strips, 82% of them had a positive confirmation of ovulation.Conclusion: The 5μg/mL PDG test confirmed ovulation in 82% of cycles and could assist women in the evaluation of the luteal progesterone rise of their menstrual cycle.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00184
Anahtar Kelimeler : natural family planning, progesterone, fertility monitoring, ovulation, ovulation confirmation
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 7
Sınıflandırma :
4
Creation of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Education Program for Young Adults in Rural Cambodia
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Joseph Kai Man Kam , Joseph Kai Man Kam , Lok Ki Wong , Kirsten Ching Wah Fu
Yıl :
2019
Frontiers in Public Health
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Introduction: Globally, adolescents and young adults aged from 15 to 24 years accounted for 25% of the sexually active population. They also took up almost 50% of all newly acquired sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) worldwide. In developing countries/ regions, there have been more unreported cases due to the limited resources and availability of data. This project aimed to enhance sexual health knowledge and encourage behavioral change in sexual practice in rural Cambodia by educational interventions.Methods: A multi-prong project used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as framework to guide the implementation, which involved carrying out educational talks, group discussion sessions. The educational health talks described the signs and symptoms of STDs and preventive measures including the Abstinence-Be faithful- Condom (ABC) strategy. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were conducted on 111 villagers aged between 18 and 30 years who lived in Peaksneng Thyme Village, Cambodia. Special materials were prepared that highlighted such information were also given to all participants. This was followed by discussion sessions that aimed to strengthen an appropriate attitude toward STDs. A pilot trial was done to prepare and build a constructive, realistic atmosphere and facilitated in-depth spread of main messages. A 20-item assessment of STD knowledge was used as pre- and post-intervention evaluation tool. Individual participant scores were compared to determine the effectiveness of interventions.Conclusion: This comprehensive program was effective in enhancing sexual knowledge in high-risk groups of both sexes as well as general public in rural Cambodia. With experiences gained, this could be replicated in nearby communities, possibly motivating community behavioral change in future. Alternatively, this approach could be further developed, or using other behavioral theories, and applied to other health issues in this country.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00050
Anahtar Kelimeler : sexually transmitted diseases, health education, intervention, rural population, Cambodia
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 7
Sınıflandırma :
5
Factors Associated With Late Prematurity in the University Hospital of Valle Cali, Colombia During 2013–2014
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Javier Torres-Muñoz , Carlos Alberto Jiménez-Fernandez , Rubi Rocio Ortega , Darly Janeth Marin Cuero , Diana Marcela Mendoza
Yıl :
2020
Frontiers in Public Health
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Introduction: The birth rate of late premature babies has been increasing in recent years, composing now 75% of all premature births. This growing trend can be explained by different demographic transformations such as an increase in the demand for infertility treatments, older maternal age and the higher incidence of multiple pregnancies, cesarean sections, and labor induction. These premature babies contribute 30% to the global neonatal mortality rate.Objective: To identify the factors associated with late prematurity at the Hospital Universitario del Valle during the years 2013–2014.Methodology: Case and control design, 424 patients, 212 cases and 212 controls participated. Cases were defined as newborns with gestational age between 34 and 36 weeks and 6 days old. For the analysis, logistic regression models were developed and association forces (OR) were determined.Results: A univariate analysis shows that the proportion of teenage pregnant women corresponds to 22.64%. Bivariate analysis shows the maternal morbidity due to hypertensive disorders was 1.6 times higher (95% CI 1.06–2.63), the obstetric alterations in 2.9 times (CI of 95% 1.56–5.44), late preterm infants require more oxygen support 3.26 times (95% CI 1.76–6.03). After adjusting the model, it was found that late premature infants have a 3-fold probability of requiring some resuscitation maneuver (ORa 3.23 95% CI 2.09–4.99), birth is higher by cesarean section by 4.17 times (ORa 4.17 IC 95% 2.50–6.98), maternal morbidity was higher in 1.37 times (ORa 1.37 95% CI 1.14–1.65). The morbidity of the newborn was greater, close to the statistical significance for late premature infants in 1.26 times (ORa 1.26 95% CI 0.97–1.64).Conclusions: Late premature births in this study show a higher probability of developing morbidity, have a greater opportunity to be born by cesarean section, are products of mothers with morbidity (specifically hypertensive disorders), and require further resuscitation with a need of early obstetric intervention.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00200
Anahtar Kelimeler : late premature, associated factors, premature, morbidity, newborn
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 8
Sınıflandırma :
6
More than just a meal: Breakfast club attendance and children’s social relationships
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Margaret (Greta) Anne Defeyter , Pamela Louise Graham , Riccardo eRusso
Yıl :
2015
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
The health benefits of school food have been widely promoted in recent years while the social opportunities that surround eating occasions at school have received little attention. Breakfast clubs, which take place at the start of the school day, offer a unique opportunity for children to consume a breakfast meal on their school premises in the company of their peers. Alternatively, after school clubs, which take place on school premises at the end of the school day, whilst also providing children with social opportunities tend to focus on sports engagement and skill development. The aim of the current paper is to investigate whether attendance at breakfast clubs and after school clubs has an impact on children’s friendship quality and experiences of peer victimization. Breakfast club attendees, after-school club attendees and non-attendees completed the Friendship Qualities Scale (FQS) and the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale (MPVS) at two time points. Time 1 data were collected two months after the introduction of school clubs. Time 2 data were then collected on the same measures again six months later. Results of the analyses of Time 1 data showed no significant differences between groups on any of the measures at Time 1. However, at Time 2 breakfast club attendees showed improved levels of friendship quality compared to the other two groups. Moreover, analysis of the MPVS data at Time 2 showed that children who attended breakfast club or after school club experienced a decline in victimization across time. The current findings suggest that breakfast club attendance facilitates the quality of children’s relationships with their best friend over time. Additionally, attendance at a breakfast or after school club was associated with a reduction in victimization over time. The results have implications for utilization of breakfast and after school clubs to aid children’s social relationships in school over time.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00183
Anahtar Kelimeler : Children, Friendship, social relationships, Peer victimization, breakfast clubs
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 3
Sınıflandırma :
7
The Development of Long-Term Adverse Health Effects in Oil Spill Cleanup Workers of the Deepwater Horizon Offshore Drilling Rig Disaster
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Mark A. Du2019Andrea , G. Kesava Reddy
Yıl :
2018
Frontiers in Public Health
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BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the long-term adverse health effects of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Gulf oil spill exposure in workers who participated in its cleanup work.MethodsMedical charts of both the oil spill exposed and unexposed subjects were reviewed. The changes in the white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels, as well as their pulmonary and cardiac functions were evaluated.ResultsMedical records from 88 subjects (oil spill cleanup workers, n = 44 and unexposed, n = 44) were reviewed during initial and 7 years follow up visits after the disaster occurred. Compared with the unexposed subjects, oil spill exposed subjects had significantly reduced platelet counts (×103/µL) at their initial (254.1 ± 46.7 versus 289.7 ± 63.7, P = 0.000) and follow-up (242.9 ± 55.6 versus 278.4 ± 67.6, P = 0.000) visits compared with the unexposed subjects (254.6 ± 51.9 versus 289.7 ± 63.7, P = 0.008). The hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were increased significantly both at their initial and follow-up visits in the oil spill exposed subjects compared to the unexposed subjects. Similarly, the oil spill exposed subjects had significantly increased ALP, AST, and ALT levels at their initial and follow-up visits compared with those of the unexposed subjects. Illness symptoms that were reported during their initial visit still persisted at their 7-year follow-up visit. Notably, at their 7-year follow-up visit, most of the oil spill exposed subjects had also developed chronic rhinosinusitis and reactive airway dysfunction syndrome as new symptoms that were not reported during their initial visit. Additionally, more abnormalities in pulmonary and cardiac functions were also seen in the oil spill exposed subjects.ConclusionThis long-term follow-up study demonstrates that those people involved in the oil spill cleanup operations experiences persistent alterations or worsening of their hematological, hepatic, pulmonary, and cardiac functions. In addition, these subjects experienced prolonged or worsening illness symptoms even 7 years after their exposure to the oil spill.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00117
Anahtar Kelimeler : blood disorders, cardiac toxicity, chemical exposure, crude oil spill, dispersants, health impact
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 6
Sınıflandırma :
8
Beyond the novelty effect: The role of in-game challenges, rewards and choices for long-term motivation to improve obesity-related health behaviours in adolescents
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Anne Martin , Janet Hanley , Rajeeb Rashid
Yıl :
2015
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Background: The prevalence of adolescent obesity is high in the UK. Engaging adolescent boys and girls in health behaviour related to the prevention of obesity proves to be challenging. Mobile and wireless technology shows promise for increasing knowledge and motivation to increase physical activity and healthy eating by capturing the interest of many adolescents. However, solutions for overcoming the novelty effect to enable habit formation and thus long-lasting behaviour change needs to be explored. Aim: This study aimed to explore Scottish adolescents’ perception of the usability and acceptability of a serious mobile game, wearable activity sensors and a smart phone eDiary application (app) for promoting physical activity and healthy eating. Methods: The game, sensors and app are being developed following the COM-B model of the Behaviour Change Wheel. The technology is interlinked in that physical activity tracked by the wearable activity sensors and healthy eating captured by using the eDiary app are central to recover the player’s energy levels in the serious game. The player replenishes their in-game energy to progress in the game and to boost abilities. Applying a user-centred approach for developing the technology, 11 adolescents aged 13-16 years (6 boys, 5 girls) participated in semi-structured focus groups. This was the first of three pre-pilot study iterations. Mock-up versions of the serious mobile game, wearable activity sensors and the prototype of the eDiary app were presented. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: All adolescents responded positively to the general idea of the game and all were keen to play the actual game once developed. Adolescents understood the importance and novelty of the link between player’s real-life health behaviours and in-game activities for improving obesity-related health behaviour. It became evident that the adolescents would only be motivated to be more physically active and eat healthily for the benefits of the game and not for improving their health and wellbeing. To increase their interest in the game, adolescents reported that they wanted to receive in-game rewards for engaging in health behaviour. A recurrent topic was the desire for more challenges in the game via introduction of new characters and environments. Another dominant topic was to have options of varying story lines, to reset the game and to unlock secret levels. The adolescents believed that being sufficiently challenged and having choices would increase their interest in the game, keep them interested for longer and so this would encourage them longer to be physically active and eat healthily. Conclusion: Mobile game and wireless technology connecting in-game and real-life activities were perceived to increase physical activity and healthy eating in adolescents. To allow exposure to mechanisms of behaviour change for an adequate amount of time, the novelty effect of new technology needs to be sustained. Age-appropriate in-game challenges, rewards and choices might trigger adolescents’ interests in the technology for longer. This in turn might result in long-lasting behaviour changes independently of playing the game.
DOI : 10.3389/conf.FPUBH.2016.01.00049
Anahtar Kelimeler : Adolescent Behavior, Focus Groups, Obesity Prevention, serious game design, wearable sensors, Smart Phone Application
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 4
Sınıflandırma :
Aile %36
9
Improvements in Neonatal and Childhood Medical Care – Perspective from the Balkans
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Vesna eVelickovic , Aleksandra eSimović , Aleksandra eSimović , Gordana eRajković , Marija eLazarević , Mihajlo (Michael) eJakovljević
Yıl :
2015
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00206
Anahtar Kelimeler : Pediatrics, Serbia, childhood, outcomes, Neonatal care
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 3
Sınıflandırma :
10
Retraction: Questioning the HIV-AIDS hypothesis: 30 years of dissent
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Frontiers Editorial Office
Yıl :
2019
Frontiers in Public Health
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00334
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 7
11
Nutrition leadership development: Capacity-building initiatives in Iran and the Middle-East region since 2009
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Azadeh eDavari , Arash eRashidi , Jacques Antonius Baartmans
Yıl :
2015
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Personal and organizational performance is determined by commitment and both technical and general competencies, including leadership skills. Academia, however, mainly targets technical aspects in its curricular programs. On the other hand, the interdisciplinary and multi-sector nature of Nutrition necessitates high levels of collaboration between stakeholders. Leadership development is therefore required in Nutrition. This paper describes the endeavor made in Iran and the Middle-East region, aiming at building leadership capacity among nutrition professionals. The empowered human resource is expected to facilitate nutrition security at the national and regional levels.Since 2007, the development process of the initiative has begun through research, bench marking and consultation. The learning organizations, leadership from inside-out and transformational leadership frameworks have been employed as underpinning theories. Main topics have been self-awareness, effective communication, shared-visioning, trust building, creativity, and motivating. Outbound team building activities and coaching have also included.The 1st workshop of the Iranian Food and Nutrition Leadership Program (IFNLP) was held in 2009 in Tehran. The experience expanded to the region as the Middle-East Nutrition Leadership Program (MENLP). The PhD Nutrition programs (at 4 leading Universities) and Iranian Nutrition Society have been taken as other opportunity windows to develop leadership competencies. Biannual Iranian nutrition congresses have been used as the main media for advocacy purposes. High satisfaction rates obtained following each training activity.In short, the initiative on nutrition leadership development has received growing investment and positive feedback in Iran. Continuous improvement of the initiative, establishment of active alumni networks, building MENLP regional platform, and integrating a monitoring and evaluation system are required to increase investment return.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00184
Anahtar Kelimeler : Capacity Building, empowerment, Leadership competencies, Nutrition professionals, Nutrition discipline
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 3
Sınıflandırma :
12
A couples’ based self-management program for heart failure: Results of a feasibility study
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Ranak Trivedi , Ranak Trivedi , Cindie Slightam , Vincent S Fan , Vincent S Fan , Ann-Marie Rosland , Ann-Marie Rosland , Karin Nelson , Karin Nelson , Christine Timko , Steven M Asch , Steven M Asch , Steven B Zeliadt , Steven B Zeliadt , Paul Heidenreich , Paul Heidenreich , Paul L Hebert , Paul L Hebert , John D Piette , John D Piette
Yıl :
2016
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Background: Heart failure (HF) is associated with frequent exacerbations and shortened lifespan. Informal caregivers such as significant others often support self-management in patients with HF. However, existing programs that aim to enhance self-management seldom engage informal caregivers or provide tools that can help alleviate caregiver burden or improve collaboration between patients and their informal caregivers. Objective: To develop and pilot test a program targeting the needs of self-management support among HF patients as well as their significant others. Methods: We developed the Dyadic Health Behavior Change model and conducted semi-structured interviews to determine barriers to self-management from various perspectives. Participants’ feedback was used to develop a family-centered self-management program called SUCCEED: Self-management Using Couples’ Coping EnhancEment in Diseases. The goals of this program are to improve HF self-management, quality of life, communication within couples, relationship quality, and stress and caregiver burden. We conducted a pilot study with 17 Veterans with HF and their significant others to determine acceptability of the program. We piloted psychosocial surveys at baseline and after participants’ program completion to evaluate change in depressive symptoms, caregiver burden, self-management of HF, communication, quality of relationship, relationship mutuality, and quality of life. Results: Of the 17 couples, 14 completed at least 1 SUCCEED session. Results showed high acceptability for each of SUCCEED’s sessions. At baseline, patients reported poor quality of life, clinically significant depressive symptoms, and inadequate self-management of HF. After participating in SUCCEED, patients showed improvements in self-management of HF, communication, and relationship quality, while caregivers reported improvements in depressive symptoms and caregiver burden. Quality of life of both patients and significant others declined over time. Conclusions: In this small pilot study, we showed positive trends with involving significant others in self-management. SUCCEED has the potential of addressing the growing public health problem of HF among patients who receive care from their significant other.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00171
Anahtar Kelimeler : Caregivers, dyadic behavior change, couples' chronic illness, couples' disease management, caregiver self-management
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 4
Sınıflandırma :
13
Vector-borne disease intelligence: Strategies to deal with disease burden and threats
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Marieta eBraks , Jolyon eMedlock , Zdenek eHubalek , Marika eHjertqvist , Yvon ePerrin , Renaud eLancelot , Els eDucheyne , Guy eHendrickx , Arjan eStroo , Paul eHeyman , Hein eSprong
Yıl :
2014
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Owing to the complex nature of vector-borne diseases, whereby monitoring of human case patients does not suffice, public health authorities experience challenges in surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases. Knowledge on the presence and distribution of vectors and the pathogens they transmit is vital to a risk assessment process to permit effective early warning, surveillance and control of vector-borne diseases. Upon accepting this reality, public health authorities face the phenomenon of an exponential rise in the number of possible surveillance targets and how to decide which are essential. Here, . we propose a comprehensive approach that integrates three surveillance strategies: population-based surveillance, disease-based surveillance and context-based surveillance for EU member states to tailor the best surveillance strategy for control of vector-borne diseases in their geographic region. By classifying the surveillance structure into 5 different contexts, we hope to provide guidance in optimizing surveillance efforts. Contextual surveillance strategies for vector-borne diseases entail combining organization and data collection approaches that result in disease intelligence rather than a preset static structure.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00280
Anahtar Kelimeler : threat, Emerging diseases, surveillance, One Health, vector-borne diseases, disease burden
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 2
Sınıflandırma :
14
Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Cognitive Test Performance: Testing a Modified Index of Life's Simple 7 Among Older Chinese Adults
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Theresa E. Gildner , Nawi Ng , Nawi Ng , Fan Wu , Yanfei Guo , J. Josh Snodgrass , Paul Kowal , Paul Kowal , Paul Kowal , Paul Kowal
Yıl :
2018
Frontiers in Public Health
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 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Evidence suggests that cognitive decline in older adults is influenced by cardiovascular health (CVH), with metabolic and vascular mechanisms hypothesized to underlie the etiology of cognitive impairment. Research in high-income nations suggests that improved CVH is linked with decreased cognitive impairment risk, but it is unclear if this pattern is evident in low-income countries. Nationally-representative data collected in China were drawn from the World Health Organization's Study on global AGing and adult health Wave 1 (2007–2010; n = 11,295). Seven CVH factors were classified as “ideal” or “not ideal”: smoking and drinking frequency, body mass index, physical activity level, blood pressure, diet, and self-reported anxiety. Additionally, scores from five cognitive performance tests (immediate and delayed verbal recall, forward and backward digit span, verbal fluency) were used to create a composite cognitive function variable. Linear regression analyses tested whether ideal CVH measures were associated with higher composite cognitive performance, controlling for sociodemographic factors. As hypothesized, ideal CVH was generally associated with higher cognitive performance. Low anxiety levels and reliable access to sufficient food (including produce) were particularly associated with higher cognitive function. These results suggest early detection and controlling modifiable CVH risks may protect aging individuals in China from cognitive decline.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00352
Anahtar Kelimeler : cardiovascular disease risk factors, dementia prevention, global aging, lifestyle, heart disease
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 6
Sınıflandırma :
15
Engaging One Health for Non-Communicable Diseases in Africa: Perspective for Mycotoxins
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Carina Ladeira , Carina Ladeira , Carina Ladeira , Chiara Frazzoli , Orish Ebere Orisakwe
Yıl :
2017
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
The role of mycotoxins—e.g., aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, tremorgenic toxins, and ergot alkaloids—has been recognized in the etiology of a number of diseases. In many African countries, the public health impact of chronic (indoor) and/or repeated (dietary) mycotoxin exposure is largely ignored hitherto, with impact on human health, food security, and export of African agricultural food products. Notwithstanding, African scientific research reached milestones that, when linked to findings gained by the international scientific community, make the design and implementation of science-driven governance schemes feasible. Starting from Nigeria as leading African Country, this article (i) overviews available data on mycotoxins exposure in Africa; (ii) discusses new food safety issues, such as the environment–feed–food chain and toxic exposures of food producing animals in risk assessment and management; (iii) identifies milestones for mycotoxins risk management already reached in West Africa; and (iv) points out preliminary operationalization aspects for shielding communities from direct (on health) and indirect (on trade, economies, and livelihoods) effects of mycotoxins. An African science-driven engaging of scientific knowledge by development actors is expected therefore. In particular, One health/One prevention is suggested, as it proved to be a strategic and sustainable development framework.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00266
Anahtar Kelimeler : food safety, food security, immune system, risk assessment, risk management
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 5
Sınıflandırma :
16
Consideration of Social Disadvantages for Understanding and Preventing Obesity in Children
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Alelí M. Ayala-Marín , Alelí M. Ayala-Marín , Alelí M. Ayala-Marín , Alelí M. Ayala-Marín , Isabel Iguacel , Isabel Iguacel , Pilar De Miguel-Etayo , Pilar De Miguel-Etayo , Pilar De Miguel-Etayo , Luis A. Moreno , Luis A. Moreno , Luis A. Moreno , Luis A. Moreno , Luis A. Moreno
Yıl :
2020
Frontiers in Public Health
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Addressing social disadvantages that lead to obesity should be a public health priority. Obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has reached a plateau in countries with high income but it continues rising in low-income and middle-income countries. In high-income countries, an elevated prevalence of obesity is found among racial and ethnic minority groups and individuals from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. In addition to classic socioeconomic status (SES) factors, like income, parental education, and occupation, recent publications have linked parental social disadvantages, such as minimal social network, non-traditional family structure, migrant status and unemployment, with obesogenic behaviors and obesity among children. Socio-ecological models of obesity in children can explain the influence of classic SES factors, social disadvantages, culture, and genes on behaviors that could lead to obesity, contributing to the elevated prevalence of obesity. Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which multilevel interventions seem to be the most effective approach to prevent obesity in children, but previous meta-analyses have found that multilevel interventions had poor or inconsistent results. Despite these results, some multilevel interventions addressing specific disadvantaged social groups have shown beneficial effects on children's weight and energy balance-related behaviors, while other interventions have benefited children from both disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged backgrounds. Considering obesity as a worldwide problem, the World Health Organization, the European Commission, and the National Institutes of Health recommend the implementation of obesity prevention programs, but the implementation of such programs without taking into consideration social disadvantages may be an unsuccessful approach. Therefore, the present publication consists of a review of the pertinent literature related to social disadvantage and its consequences for behaviors that could lead to childhood obesity. In addition, we will discuss the relationship between social disadvantages and the socio-ecological model of obesity in children. Finally, we will summarize the relevant aspects of multilevel intervention programs aiming to prevent obesity in children and provide recommendations for future research and intervention approaches to improve weight status in children with social disadvantages.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00423
Anahtar Kelimeler : social disadvantages, socioeconomic status, children, obesity determinants, socio-ecological model, multilevel interventions
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 8
Sınıflandırma :
17
Examining sustainability factors for organizations that adopted Stanford’s Chronic Disease Self-Management Program
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Michiyo eTomioka , Kathryn L Braun
Yıl :
2015
Frontiers in Public Health
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DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00140
Anahtar Kelimeler : Chronic Disease, Health Promotion, Minority Groups, sustainability, evidence-based
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 3
Sınıflandırma :
18
Daily walking and life expectancy of elderly people in the Iowa 65+ rural health study
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Hani Michel Samawi
Yıl :
2013
Frontiers in Public Health
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the hypothesis that outdoor daily walking, as an exercise, has an effect on the rate of mortality among those elderly people in the Iowa 65+ rural health study (RHS.( RHS is a prospective longitudinal cohort study of 8 years follow-up from 1981 to 1989. It consists of a random sample of 3,673 individuals (1,420 men and 2,253 women) aged 65 or older living in Washington and Iowa counties of the State of Iowa. Our analysis was conducted only on those non-institutional individuals who could without any help walk across a small room; this reduced the total number of individuals in the study to 2,717. Moreover, a total of 923 individuals died during the period of the study. The life histories of those individuals were obtained and divided into two cohorts; one containing 1134 who exercise daily by walking and the other containing 1583 who do not exercise daily by walking. The interviewers asked participants about 17 medical conditions, from which 13 are included in our study. We found that daily walking exercise is related inversely to total mortality before and after adjusting for the other factors in particular for age group and health conditions. We observed that hazard ratio HR of death was the highest among those individuals having a history of cancer (HR=2.971) and history of stroke (HR=2.127). However, individuals with a history of stroke in the "daily walking group" have HR=0.856 and their risk of death were reduced by 81% compared to those in no "daily walking group".
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2013.00011
Anahtar Kelimeler : Life Expectancy, Daily walk, Hazard ratio, Health conditions, Proportional hazards Model, Cox regression, Score test
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 1
Sınıflandırma :
19
Health disparities in the immunoprevention of human papillomavirus infection and associated malignancies
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Amira eBakir , Martin eSkarzynski , Martin eSkarzynski
Yıl :
2015
Frontiers in Public Health
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes about 1.6% of the roughly 1.6 million new cancer cases that are diagnosed in the United States each year. Despite the proven safety and efficacy of currently available vaccines, HPV remains the most common sexually transmitted infection. Underlying the high prevalence of HPV infection is the poor adherence to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation that all 11-12 year old males and females be vaccinated. In fact, only about 38% and 14% of eligible females and males respectively, receive the complete, three-dose immunization.Many factors are associated with missed HPV vaccination opportunities, including race, age, family income and patient education, resulting in widespread disparities in vaccination rates and related health outcomes. Beyond patient circumstance, however, research indicates that the rigor and consistency of recommendation by primary care providers also plays a significant role in uptake of HPV immunization. Health disparities data are of vital importance to HPV vaccination campaigns because they can provide insight into how to address current problems and allocate limited resources where they are most needed. Furthermore, even modest gains in populations with low vaccination rates may yield great benefits because HPV immunization has been shown to provide herd immunity, indirect protection for non-immunized individuals achieved by limiting the spread of an infectious agent through a population. HPV vaccination campaigns face the challenge of stagnant HPV immunization rates, which are increasing slowly overall but remain far below target levels. Furthermore, gains in immunization are not equal across all groups and vaccination rates are strikingly disparate across the federal poverty level. To achieve the greatest impact, public health campaigns should focus on improving vaccination coverage where it is weakest. In addition to demographics, socioeconomic factors and attitudes of parents, children and healthcare providers, vaccination efforts should take into account disparities in the of prevalence of factors that can exacerbate HPV-related health outcomes such as smoking and human immunodeficiency virus-mediated immunosuppression. Optimizing the efficacy of vaccination campaigns will require a health disparities approach that identifies and remedies the underlying causes of population differences in HPV vaccination.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00256
Anahtar Kelimeler : Papillomavirus Vaccines, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, Health Disparities
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 3
Sınıflandırma :
20
To a Future Where Everyone Can Walk a Dog Even if They Don't Own One
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Eunice Y. Chen
Yıl :
2018
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00349
Anahtar Kelimeler : animals, walking, overweight, students, humans
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 6
Sınıflandırma :
21
The use of evidence in maternal health: Connecting research and policy in Timor-Leste
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Kayli Janine Wild , Paul Michael Kelly , Lesley eBarclay , Nelson eMartins
Yıl :
2015
Frontiers in Public Health
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The evidence-based policy (EBP) movement has received significant attention in the scientific literature, however, there is still very little empirical research to provide insight into how policy decisions are made and how evidence is used. The lack of research on this topic in low and middle-income countries is of particular note. We examine the maternity waiting home policy in Timor-Leste to understand the role of context, policy characteristics, individual actors and how evidence is used to influence the policy agenda. The research tracked the maternity waiting home policy from 2005 to 2009 and is based on in-depth interviews with 31 senior policy-makers, department managers, non-government organisation (NGO) representatives and United Nations (UN) advisors. It is also informed by direct observation, attendance at meetings and workshops and analysis of policy documents. The findings from this case study demonstrate the importance of political context, policy characteristics and the power of senior Ministry of Health officials rather than donors in setting the policy agenda. Maternity waiting homes were appealing because they were a visible, non-controversial and logical solution to the problem of accessing maternal health services. Evidence was used in a variety of ways, from supporting pre-determined agendas to informing new policy directions. In the pursuit of EBP, we conclude that the power of research to inform policy lies in its timeliness and relevance, and is facilitated by the connection between researchers and policy-makers.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00212
Anahtar Kelimeler : Actors, power, Evidence-based policy, Agenda-setting, Policy Theory, Timor-Leste
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 3
Sınıflandırma :
22
Improving Models of Care for Diabetes in Pregnancy: Experience of Current Practice in Far North Queensland, Australia
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Anna McLean , Anna McLean , Renae Kirkham , Sandra Campbell , Cherie Whitbread , Cherie Whitbread , Jennifer Barrett , Christine Connors , Jacqueline Boyle , Jacqueline Boyle , Alex Brown , Alex Brown , Jacqueline Mein , Mark Wenitong , H. David McIntyre , Federica Barzi , Jeremy Oats , Ashim Sinha , Louise Maple-Brown , Louise Maple-Brown
Yıl :
2019
Frontiers in Public Health
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Aims: To map health practitioners' experiences and describe knowledge regarding screening and management of Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP) in Far North Queensland, Australia.Methods: Mixed methods including a cross-sectional survey (101 respondents) and 8 focus groups with 61 health practitioners. All participants provided clinical care for women with DIP.Results: A wide range of healthcare professionals participated; 96% worked with Indigenous women, and 63% were from regional or remote work settings. Universal screening for gestational diabetes at 24–28 weeks gestation was reported as routine with 87% using a 75 g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Early screening for DIP was reported by 61% although there was large variation in screening methods and who should be screened <24 weeks. Health practitioners were confident providing lifestyle advice (88%), dietary, and blood glucose monitoring education (67%, 81%) but only 50% were confident giving insulin education. Electronic medical records were used by 80% but 55% also used paper records. Dissatisfaction with information from hospitals was reported by 40%. In the focus groups improving communication and information technology systems were identified as key areas. Other barriers described were difficulties in care coordination and access for remote women.Conclusions: Communication, information technology systems, coordination of care, and education for health professionals are key areas that will be addressed by a complex health systems intervention being undertaken by the DIP Partnership in North Queensland.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00192
Anahtar Kelimeler : gestational diabetesu2013mellitus, diabetes in pregnancy, model of care, screening practices, diabetes management, care coordination
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 7
23
The irrationality of GOF avian influenza virus research
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Simon eWain-Hobson
Yıl :
2014
Frontiers in Public Health
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The last two and a half years have witnessed a curious debate in virology characterized by a remarkable lack of discussion. It goes by the misleading epithet gain of function (GOF) influenza virus research, or simply GOF. As will be seen, there is nothing good to be gained. The controversial experiments confer aerosol transmission on avian influenza virus strains that can infect humans, but which are not naturally transmitted between humans. Some of the newer strains are clearly highly pathogenic for man. It will be shown here that the benefits of the work are erroneous and overstated while the risk of an accident is finite, if small. The consequence of any accident would be anywhere from a handful of infections to a catastrophic pandemic. There has been a single open international meeting in two and a half years, which is surprising given that openness and discussion are essential to good science. Despite US and EU government funding no risk-benefit analysis has been published, which again is surprising. This research can be duplicated readily in many labs and requires little high tech. It falls under the definition of DURC without the slightest shadow of a doubt and constitutes the most important challenge facing contemporary
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00077
Anahtar Kelimeler : airborne transmission, avian influenza, Human Adaptation, unfalsifiable
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 2
Sınıflandırma :
24
Severe COVID-19: A Review of Recent Progress With a Look Toward the Future
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Peng Xie , Wanyu Ma , Hongbo Tang , Daishun Liu
Yıl :
2020
Frontiers in Public Health
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The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, the World Health Organization has confirmed that COVID-19 is a global infectious disease pandemic. This is the third acute infectious disease caused by coronavirus infection in this century, after sudden acute respirator syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. The damage mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is still unclear. It is possible that protein S binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors and invades alveolar epithelial cells, causing direct toxic effects and an excessive immune response. This stimulates a systemic inflammatory response, thus forming a cytokine storm, which leads to lung tissue injury. In severe cases, the disease can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction, and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. Patients with severe COVID-19 have a relatively high mortality rate. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Most patients need to be admitted to the intensive care unit for intensive monitoring and supportive organ function treatments. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment methods of severe COVID-19 and puts forward some tentative ideas, aiming to provide some guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of severe COVID-19.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00189
Anahtar Kelimeler : COVID-19, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 8
Sınıflandırma :
25
Biosurveillance in Central Asia: Successes and Challenges of Tick-Borne Disease Research in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
John eHay , Kenneth B. Yeh , Debanjana eDasgupta , Zhanna eShapiyeva , Pavel eDeryabin , Christina eFarris , Roger eHewson , Allen eRichards , Gulnara eOmasheva , Talgat eNurmakhanov , Timur eAyazbayev , Asankadyr eZhunushov , Alexei eAndryushchenko
Yıl :
2016
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Central Asia is a vast geographic region that includes five former Soviet Union republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The region has a unique infectious disease burden, and a history that includes Silk Road trade routes and networks that were part of the anti-plague and biowarfare programs in the former Soviet Union. Post Soviet Union biosurveillance research in this unique area of the world has met with several challenges, including lack of funding and resources to independently conduct hypothesis driven, peer-review quality research. Strides have been made, however, to increase scientific engagement and capability. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are examples of countries where biosurveillance research has been successfully conducted, particularly with respect to especially dangerous pathogens. In this review we describe in detail the successes, challenges and opportunities of conducting biosurveillance in Central Asia as exemplified by our recent research activities on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00004
Anahtar Kelimeler : Biosurveillance, Coxiella, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Rickettsia, Tick-Borne Diseases
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 4
Sınıflandırma :
26
Valuing Health Surveillance as an Information System: Interdisciplinary Insights
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux , Olivier Vandenberg , Olivier Vandenberg , Zisis Kozlakidis , Zisis Kozlakidis , Cécile Aenishaenslin , Cécile Aenishaenslin , Marisa Peyre , Mathieu Roche , Mathieu Roche , Pascal Bonnet , André Ravel
Yıl :
2019
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
The economic evaluation of health surveillance systems and of health information is a methodological challenge, as for information systems in general. Main present threads are considering cost-effectiveness solutions, minimizing costs for a given technically required output, or cost-benefit analysis, balancing costs with economic benefits of duly informed public interventions. The latter option, following a linear command-and-control perspective, implies considering a main causal link between information, decision, action, and health benefits. Yet, valuing information, taking into account its nature and multiple sources, the modalities of its processing cycle, from production to diffusion, decentralized use and gradual building of a shared information capital, constitutes a promising challenge. This work proposes an interdisciplinary insight on the value of health surveillance to get a renewed theoretical framework integrating information and informatics theory and information economics. The reflection is based on a typological approach of value, basically distinguishing between use and non-use values. Through this structured discussion, the main idea is to expand the boundaries of surveillance evaluation, to focus on changes and trends, on the dynamic and networked structure of information systems, on the contribution of diverse data, and on the added value of combining qualitative and quantitative information. Distancing itself from the command-and-control model, this reflection considers the behavioral fundaments of many health risks, as well as the decentralized, progressive and deliberative dimension of decision-making in risk management. The framework also draws on lessons learnt from recent applications within and outside of health sector, as in surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, inter-laboratory networks, the use of big data or web sources, the diffusion of technological products and large-scale financial risks. Finally, the paper poses the bases to think the challenge of a workable approach to economic evaluation of health surveillance through a better understanding of health information value. It aims to avoid over-simplifying the range of health information benefits across society while keeping evaluation within the boundaries of what may be ascribed to the assessed information system.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00138
Anahtar Kelimeler : complexity, decision-making, value, network, trend
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 7
Sınıflandırma :
27
Individual public transportation accessibility is positively associated with self-reported active commuting
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Sune eDjurhuus , Henning Sten Hansen , Mette eAadahl , Charlotte eGlümer
Yıl :
2014
Frontiers in Public Health
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Background: Active commuters have lower risk of chronic disease. Understanding which of the, to some extent, modifiable characteristics of public transportation that facilitate its use is thus important in a public health perspective. The aim of the study was to examine the association between individual public transportation accessibility and self-reported active commuting, and whether the associations varied with commute distance, age and gender. Methods: 28,928 commuters in the Capital Region of Denmark reported self-reported time spent either walking or cycling to work or study each day and the distance to work or study. Data were obtained from the Danish National Health Survey collected in February to April 2010. Individual accessibility by public transportation was calculated using a multimodal network in a GIS. Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the association between accessibility, expressed as access area, and being an active commuter.Results: Public transport accessibility area based on all stops within walking and cycling distance was positively associated with being an active commuter. Distance to work, age and gender modified the associations. Residing within 10 km commuting distance and in areas of high accessibility was associated with being an active commuter and meeting the recommendations of physical activity. For the respondents above 29 years, Individual public transportation accessibility was positively associated with being an active commuter. Women having high accessibility had significantly higher odds of being an active commuter compared to having a low accessibility. For men the associations were insignificant.Conclusions: This study extends the knowledge about the driving forces of using public transportation for commuting by examining the individual public transportation accessibility. Findings suggest that transportation accessibility supports active commuting and planning of improved public transit accessibility has
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00240
Anahtar Kelimeler : physical activity1, travel planner3, multimodal network4, multilevel regression5
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 2
Sınıflandırma :
28
Improved cardiovascular risk among Hispanic border participants of the HEART II Mi Corazón Mi Comunidad Promotores de Salud Model: the cohort intervention study 2009-2013
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Hendrik Dirk ede Heer , Hector G Balcazar , Sherrie eWise , Alisha eRedelfs , E. Lee eRosenthal , Maria eDuarte
Yıl :
2015
Frontiers in Public Health
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AbstractBackgroundCommunity resources (parks, recreational facilities) provide opportunities for health promotion, but little is known about how to promote utilization of these resources and their impact on cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). MethodsThis cohort study evaluated the impact of an intervention called Mi Corazon Mi Comunidad (MiCMiC), which consisted of promoting use of community physical activity and nutrition resources by Promotoras de Salud/Community Health Workers. Participants were assessed at baseline and following the 4-month intervention. Attendance records were objectively collected to assess utilization of intervention programming. ResultsA total of 5 consecutive cohorts were recruited between 2009 and 2013. Participants were mostly females (86.0%), on average 46.6 years old, and 81% were low in acculturation. Participants who completed follow-up (n=413) showed significant improvements in reported health behaviors and body composition. Higher attendance significantly predicted greater improvements. The baseline to 4-month change for the highest versus the lowest attendance quartiles were (-5.2 lbs vs. +0.01 lbs, p<.001), waist circumference (-1.20 inches vs. -0.56 inches, p=.047), hip circumference (-1.13 inches vs. -0.41 inches, p<.001); hours of exercise/week (+3.87 hours vs. +0.81 hrs, p<.001), proportion of participants eating 5 servings of fruits and vegetables/day (+54.7% vs. 14.7%, p<.001).ConclusionsFollowing the Promotora-led MiCMiC intervention, substantial improvements in health behaviors and modest improvements in cardiovascular risk factors were found. Greater utilization of community resources was associated with more favorable changes. This study provided preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of Promotora-led interventions for promoting use of existing community resources in CVD risk reduction. Key Words: Community resources, community health workers, U.S.- Mexico border, Hispanic, cardiovascular disease, cohort
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00149
Anahtar Kelimeler : Hispanic Americans, cohort study, community resources, Parks and recreation, U.S.-Mexico border, community health worker
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 3
29
A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B
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Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Alessandra Prosperini , Houda Berrada , María José Ruiz , Francesca Caloni , Teresa Coccini , Leon J. Spicer , Maria Chiara Perego , Alessandra Lafranconi , Alessandra Lafranconi
Yıl :
2017
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Mycotoxin enniatin B (ENN B) is a secondary metabolism product by Fusarium fungi. It is a well-known antibacterial, antihelmintic, antifungal, herbicidal, and insecticidal compound. It has been found as a contaminant in several food commodities, particularly in cereal grains, co-occurring also with other mycotoxins. The primary mechanism of action of ENN B is mainly due to its ionophoric characteristics, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In the last two decades, it has been a topic of great interest since its potent mammalian cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in several mammalian cell lines. Moreover, the co-exposure in vitro with other mycotoxins enhances its toxic potential through synergic effects, depending on the concentrations tested. Despite its clear cytotoxic effect, European Food Safety Authority stated that acute exposure to ENNs, such as ENN B, does not indicate concern for human health, but a concern might be the chronic exposure. However, given the lack of relevant toxicity data, no firm conclusion could be drawn and a risk assessment was not possible. In fact, very few studies have been carried out in vivo and, in these studies, no adverse effects were observed. So, research on toxicological effects induced by ENN B is still on-going. Recently, some studies are dealing with new advances regarding ENN B. This review summarizes the information on biochemical and biological activity of ENN B, focusing on toxicological aspects and on the latest advances in research on ENN B.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00304
Anahtar Kelimeler : enniatin B, toxic effects, biological properties, biochemical activities, emerging findings
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 5
Sınıflandırma :
30
Genomic Delineation of Zoonotic Origins of Clostridium difficile
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
Frontiers in Public Health
Yazar(lar) :
Daniel R. Knight , Thomas V. Riley , Thomas V. Riley , Thomas V. Riley , Thomas V. Riley
Yıl :
2019
Frontiers in Public Health
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Clostridium difficile is toxin-producing antimicrobial resistant (AMR) enteropathogen historically associated with diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis in hospitalized patients. In recent years, there have been dramatic increases in the incidence and severity of C. difficile infection (CDI), and associated morbidity and mortality, in both healthcare and community settings. C. difficile is an ancient and diverse species that displays a sympatric lifestyle, establishing itself in a range of ecological niches external to the healthcare system. These sources/reservoirs include food, water, soil, and over a dozen animal species, in particular, livestock such as pigs and cattle. In a manner analogous to human infection, excessive antimicrobial exposure, particularly to cephalosporins, is driving the expansion of C. difficile in livestock populations worldwide. Subsequent spore contamination of meat, vegetables grown in soil containing animal feces, agricultural by-products such as compost and manure, and the environment in general (households, lawns, and public spaces) is contributing to a persistent community source/reservoir of C. difficile and the insidious rise of CDI in the community. The whole-genome sequencing era continues to redefine our view of this complex pathogen. The application of high-resolution microbial genomics in a One Health framework (encompassing clinical, veterinary, and environment derived datasets) is the optimal paradigm for advancing our understanding of CDI in humans and animals. This approach has begun to yield critical insights into the genetic diversity, evolution, AMR, and zoonotic potential of C. difficile. In Europe, North America, and Australia, microevolutionary analysis of the C. difficile core genome shows strains common to humans and animals (livestock or companion animals) do not form distinct populations but share a recent evolutionary history. Moreover, for C. difficile sequence type 11 and PCR ribotypes 078 and 014, major lineages of One Health importance, this approach has substantiated inter-species clonal transmission between animals and humans. These findings indicate either a zoonosis or anthroponosis. Moreover, they challenge the existing paradigm and the long-held misconception that CDI is primarily a healthcare-associated infection. In this article, evolutionary, and zoonotic aspects of CDI are discussed, including the anthropomorphic factors that contribute to the spread of C. difficile from the farm to the community.
DOI : 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00164
Anahtar Kelimeler : evolution, transmission, Clostridium difficile, one health, livestock, zoonosis
ISSN: 2296-2565
Cilt: 7
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