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Antibody targeting of phosphatidylserine for detection and immunotherapy of cancer
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Zohar DN , Shoenfeld Y
Yıl :
2018
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Daniela Noa Zohar, Yehuda Shoenfeld Zabludowitz Centre for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, IsraelBelzile et al introduce a novel therapeutic approach for cancer by antibody targeting of phosphatidylserine (PS).1 As is well known, antiphospholipid autoantibodies are associated with hypercoagulability disorders, particularly antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).2 While the hallmark autoantibodies of APS are anti-beta2 glycoprotein and anticardiolipin, over 30 other non-classic autoantibodies were reported in correlation with APS. Particular attention was dedicated to antiphosphatidylserine (aPS) – a remarkable autoantibody that was detected in 68–86% of APS patients.2 aPS is associated with thrombosis, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia.2 Previously, we have described the pathogenicity of aPS on experimental mice models by induction of APS, both through passive transfer of purified human IgG aPS antibodies3 and active immunization, whereas immunized mice with IgG aPS produced high titers of mouse aPS. The results demonstrated a clinical picture of APS by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombocytopenia and increased rates of fetal resorptions.4View the review paper by Belzile and colleagues.
Anahtar Kelimeler : antiphospholipids, hypercoagulability, immunotherapy
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 7
Sayfa: 51 - 53
Sınıflandırma :
Hematoloji %100
2
FDA-approved immunosuppressants targeting staphylococcal superantigens: mechanisms and insights
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Krakauer T
Yıl :
2017
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Teresa Krakauer Department of Immunology, Molecular Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA Abstract: Immunostimulating staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and related superantigenic toxins cause diseases in human beings and laboratory animals by hyperactivating cells of the immune system. These protein toxins bind to the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules and specific Vβ regions of T-cell receptors (TCRs), resulting in the stimulation of both monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes. The bridging of TCR with MHC II molecules by superantigens triggers intracellular signaling cascades, resulting in excessive release of proinflammatory mediators and massive polyclonal T-cell proliferation. The early induction of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 promotes fever, inflammation, and multiple organ injury. The signal transduction pathways for staphylococcal superantigen-induced toxicity downstream from TCR/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligation and interaction of cell surface co-stimulatory molecules include the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades and cytokine receptor signaling, activating nuclear factor kB (NFkB) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Knowledge of host regulation within these activated pathways and molecules initiated by SEB and other superantigens enables the selection of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to interrupt and prevent superantigen-induced shock in animal models. This review focuses on the use of FDA-approved immunosuppressants in targeting the signaling pathways induced by staphylococcal superantigens. Keywords: immunosuppressant, superantigen, toxic shock, NFkB, mTORC1
Anahtar Kelimeler : Immunosuppressant, superantigen, toxic shock, mTORC1
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 6
Sayfa: 17 - 29
Sınıflandırma :
3
Current and emerging treatment options in the management of lupus
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Jordan N , Du2019Cruz D
Yıl :
2016
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Natasha Jordan,1 David D’Cruz2 1Department of Rheumatology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, 2Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations. While the clearest guidelines for the treatment of SLE exist in the context of lupus nephritis, patients with other lupus manifestations such as neuropsychiatric, hematologic, musculoskeletal, and severe cutaneous lupus frequently require immunosuppression and/or biologic therapy. Conventional immunosuppressive agents such as mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide are widely used in the management of SLE with current more rationalized treatment regimens optimizing the use of these agents while minimizing potential toxicity. The advent of biologic therapies has advanced the treatment of SLE particularly in patients with refractory disease. The CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab and the anti-BLyS agent belimumab are now widely in use in clinical practice. Several other biologic agents are in ongoing clinical trials. While immunosuppressive and biologic agents are the foundation of inflammatory disease control in SLE, the importance of managing comorbidities such as cardiovascular risk factors, bone health, and minimizing susceptibility to infection should not be neglected. Keywords: hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, belimumab
Anahtar Kelimeler : hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, belimumab
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2016
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 9 - 20
Sınıflandırma :
4
Anti-ghrelin antibodies in appetite suppression: recent advances in obesity pharmacotherapy
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Altabas V , Zjačić-Rotkvić V
Yıl :
2015
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Velimir Altabas, Vanja Zjačić-Rotkvić Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, “Mladen Sekso”, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center “Sestre milosrdnice”, Zagreb, Croatia Abstract: Obesity is a medical condition caused by accumulated excess body fat with negative impact on patients' health, including decreased life expectancy. It has become a major health problem in most developed and developing countries, since the worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly doubled during the last 30 years. Consequently, novel treatments focusing on obesity are being investigated. Potential targets include several pathophysiological mechanisms involved in appetite control affecting multiple organ systems, like adipose tissue; some cell types in the stomach and gut; pancreas; thyroid gland; several hypothalamic areas; and centers located in the brainstem. One of the most important orexigenic neuropeptides is ghrelin, which is produced and secreted primarily by ghrelin cells located in the stomach and duodenum. In humans, plasma ghrelin levels rise when the stomach is empty and fall shortly after meal ingestion. In fat tissue, ghrelin increases fat storage. In the brain, it exerts its orexigenic action through activation of NPY/AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus. From the pharmacological point of view, it seems that opposing ghrelin activity could be used as a therapeutic principle in treating obesity. The principal idea of antiobesity drugs is to augment anorexigenic and lipolytic signaling, or to block orexigenic and lipogenic mediators. Recent studies have shown that therapeutic vaccines could be a new approach in the development of antiobesity medications. A vaccine should provoke an immune response to a specific causal factor for a particular disease. Several types of anti-ghrelin vaccines have been developed so far, with significant immune response in terms of rising anti-ghrelin antibodies. However, in the only clinical trial performed yet, the results were disappointing, showing no additional weight loss in the study group. Until now, several studies have demonstrated the “proof of concept”, but more studies are required to develop prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to prevent and/or cure obesity. Keywords: obesity vaccine, obesity pathophysiology, experimental obesity treatment
Anahtar Kelimeler : obesity, ghrelin, anti-ghrelin antibodies, obesity vaccine
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2015
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 123 - 130
Sınıflandırma :
5
The role of autophagy in microbial infection and immunity
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Desai M , Fang R , Sun J
Yıl :
2015
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Mayura Desai,1 Rong Fang,2 Jiaren Sun11Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 2Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USAAbstract: The autophagy pathway represents an evolutionarily conserved cell recycling process that is activated in response to nutrient deprivation and other stress signals. Over the years, it has been linked to an array of cellular functions. Equally, a wide range of cell-intrinsic, as well as extracellular, factors have been implicated in the induction of the autophagy pathway. Microbial infections represent one such factor that can not only activate autophagy through specific mechanisms but also manipulate the response to the invading microbe's advantage. Moreover, in many cases, particularly among viruses, the pathway has been shown to be intricately involved in the replication cycle of the pathogen. Conversely, autophagy also plays a role in combating the infection process, both through direct destruction of the pathogen and as one of the key mediating factors in the host defense mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity. Further, the pathway also plays a role in controlling the pathogenesis of infectious diseases by regulating inflammation. In this review, we discuss various interactions between pathogens and the cellular autophagic response and summarize the immunological functions of the autophagy pathway.Keywords: autophagy, xenophagy, antiviral, antibacterial
Anahtar Kelimeler : Autophagy, xenophagy, anti-viral, anti-bacterial
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2015
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 13 - 26
Sınıflandırma :
Apoptoz %83
6
Clinical features, predictive correlates, and pathophysiology of immune-related adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments in cancer: a short review
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Yoest JM
Yıl :
2017
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Jennifer M Yoest Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Abstract: Identification and characterization of T-cell regulatory mechanisms, or checkpoints, have led to a wave of drug development aimed at inhibiting these targets to “remove the brakes” of the immune system. This class of anticancer therapeutics, termed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has harnessed the potential of the body’s own immune system to recognize cancerous cells and selectively eliminate them, in some cases with alarming success. This new breakthrough, however, has not been without its drawbacks. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are adverse events encountered during treatment with ICIs that are thought to be mediated through the patient’s immune system which can manifest with a variety of symptoms which often resemble autoimmunity. These events range widely in presentation and severity and are reported frequently. Here, we will discuss a large selection of case reports in order to inform the clinician, laboratorian, and researcher of the scope of organ systems affected, the severity of the conditions being encountered, and the responses of these events to treatment, as well as explore the use of ICIs in the setting of preexisting autoimmunity. We will also consider the ability to detect autoantibodies before and during irAEs as well as the correlations that irAEs have with clinical outcomes. Finally, we will conclude by exploring the possibility that two distinct pathways may be contributing to the phenomenon of irAEs within this class of drugs, and the role that this might play in future research and clinical practice. Keywords: immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events, side effects, autoimmunity, etiology, prediction, cross-reactive, correlation with tumor response
Anahtar Kelimeler : immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune-related adverse events, side effects, autoimmunity, etiology, prediction
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 6
Sayfa: 73 - 82
Sınıflandırma :
7
Update on immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Selter RC , Hemmer B
Yıl :
2013
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Rebecca C Selter,1 Bernhard Hemmer1–3 1Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; 2Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; 3Competence Network on Multiple Sklerosis, Munich, Germany Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Both genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Histopathological findings suggest that multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease, involving both the cellular and humoral immune systems. Within the last 20 years, several disease-modifying therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis were established. Moreover, promising new substances are currently being tested in clinical trials and will likely broaden the therapeutic opportunities available within the upcoming years. Keywords: multiple sclerosis, immunopathogenesis, disease-modifying therapy
Anahtar Kelimeler : Multiple sclerosis, immunopathogenesis, disease-modifying therapy
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2013
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 21 - 30
Sınıflandırma :
8
Alteration of gene expression profile in CD3+ T-cells after downregulating MALT1
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Wang X , Lu S , Xiao Y , Xu L , Zhou L , Hu JY , Li B , Zeng C , Li Y
Yıl :
2018
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Xu Wang,1,2,* Shuai Lu,1,2,* Yankai Xiao,1,2 Ling Xu,2,3 Lingling Zhou,1,2 Junyan Hu,2 Bo Li,1,2 Chengwu Zeng,1,2 Yangqiu Li1–3 1Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Hematology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: T cell immunodeficiency is a common feature in patients with different kinds of hematological disease such as T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL), B cells NHL (B-NHL), NK/T cell NHL (NK/T-CL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In our recent research, we found that significantly lower expression levels in MALT1 and NF-κB were related to suppression of T cell activation. Therefore, this study was conducted to further investigate the role of downregulating MALT1 in the development of immunodeficiency in T cells.Methods: We induced activation inhibition in CD3+ T cells by MALT1 knockdown. Then we characterized the gene expression profile after MALT1 suppression by microarray analysis.Result: The differentially expressed genes were ZAP-70, p65, MDM2, ATM, NFATC2 which participate in the NF-κB, p53, and NFAT pathways in CD3+ T cells after MALT1 downregulation.Conclusion: MALT1 suppression may contribute to immunodeficiency in T cells via suppression of T cell activation and proliferation pathways. These data may help to explain some of the characteristics of immunodeficiency of T cells. Keywords: CD3+ T-cells, MALT1, immunodeficiency, T-cell activation, microarray
Anahtar Kelimeler : CD3+ T cells, MALT1, Immunodeficiency, T cell activation, Microarray
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 7
Sayfa: 77 - 81
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Hematoloji %91
9
Therapeutic vaccines in non-small cell lung cancer
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Socola F , Scherfenberg N , Raez LE
Yıl :
2013
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Francisco Socola,1 Naomi Scherfenberg,2 Luis E Raez3 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; 2University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; 3Thoracic Oncology Program, Memorial Cancer Institute, Memorial Health Care System, Pembroke Pines, Florida, USA Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) unfortunately carries a very poor prognosis. Patients usually do not become symptomatic, and therefore do not seek treatment, until the cancer is advanced and it is too late to employ curative treatment options. New therapeutic options are urgently needed for NSCLC, because even current targeted therapies cure very few patients. Active immunotherapy is an option that is gaining more attention. A delicate and complex interplay exists between the tumor and the immune system. Solid tumors utilize a variety of mechanisms to evade immune detection. However, if the immune system can be stimulated to recognize the tumor as foreign, tumor cells can be specifically eliminated with little systemic toxicity. A number of vaccines designed to boost immunity against NSCLC are currently undergoing investigation in phase III clinical trials. Belagenpumatucel-L, an allogeneic cell vaccine that decreases transforming growth factor (TGF-β) in the tumor microenvironment, releases the immune suppression caused by the tumor and it has shown efficacy in a wide array of patients with advanced NSCLC. Melanoma-associated antigen A3 (MAGE-A3), an antigen-based vaccine, has shown promising results in MAGE-A3+ NSCLC patients who have undergone complete surgical resection. L-BLP25 and TG4010 are both antigenic vaccines that target the Mucin 1 protein (MUC-1), a proto-oncogene that is commonly mutated in solid tumors. CIMAVax is a recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF) vaccine that induces anti-EGF antibody production and prevents EGF from binding to its receptor. These vaccines may significantly improve survival and quality of life for patients with an otherwise dismal NSCLC prognosis. This review is intended to give an overview of the current data and the most promising studies of active immunotherapy for NSCLC. Keywords: immunotherapy, non-small cell lung cancer, Belagenpumatucel-L, melanoma-associated antigen A3 (MAGE-A3), L-BLP25, TG4010, CIMAVax
Anahtar Kelimeler : Immunotherapy, non-small cell lung cancer. Belagenpumatucel-L, melanoma-associated antigen A3 (MAGE-A3), L-BLP25, TG4010 and CIMAVax.
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2013
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 115 - 124
Sınıflandırma :
10
Factors Associated With Adherence To Immunosuppressive Therapy And Barriers In Asian Kidney Transplant Recipients
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Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Ganjali R , Ghorban Sabbagh M , Nazemiyan F , Mamdouhi F , Badiee Aval S , Taherzadeh Z , Heshmati Nabavi F , Golmakani R , Tohidinezhad F , Eslami S
Yıl :
2019
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Raheleh Ganjali,1 Mahin Ghorban Sabbagh,2,3 Fatemeh Nazemiyan,2,4 Fereshteh Mamdouhi,2,3 Shapour Badiee Aval,5 Zhila Taherzadeh,6 Fatemeh Heshmati Nabavi,7 Reza Golmakani,8 Fariba Tohidinezhad,1 Saeid Eslami1,9,10 1Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 2Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 3Department of Nephrology, Montaseriyeh Organ Transplantation Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 4Department of Nephrology, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 5Complementary Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 6Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 7School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 8Department of Emergency Medicine, Doctor Shariati Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 9Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 10Department of Medical Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsCorrespondence: Saeid EslamiDepartment of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Street, Mashhad, IranTel +98 513 800 2429Fax +98 513 800 2445Email Eslamis@mums.ac.irBackground: Medication non-adherence is the major risk factor for rejection episodes. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with adherence to immunosuppressive regimen and its barriers among kidney transplant (KT) recipients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in two outpatient post-transplant clinics in Mashhad, northeast of Iran. All patients who attended the clinics from August to October 2017 were included. Patients’s knowledge, adherence to immunosuppressive regimen, and quality of life were measured using the Kidney Transplant Understanding Tool, Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS), and SF-12V2 questionnaire, respectively. The barriers in adhering immunosuppressive regimen were investigated by Immunosuppressive Therapy Barriers Scale. Logistic regression was used to screen the significant risk factors of medication non-adherence.Results: In this study, 244 KT recipients were included with a mean age of 39.6±12.5 years. Based on the BAASIS score, 111 (45.5%) patients were adherent to immunosuppressive regimen. Female patients were more likely to be adherent (OR=0.48, p<0.01). The patients with higher level of quality of life were more likely to follow immunosuppressive medications (OR=1.078, p<0.05). The main barriers were as follows: concurrent use of many immunosuppressants, lack of knowledge about the usefulness of immunosuppressive medications, confusion in medication taking, and difficulty in remembering medication taking.Conclusion: More than half of the KT recipients were non-adherence to immunosuppressive regimen. These findings highlight the need for designing interventions in order to reduce or eliminate these barriers and consequently increase medication adherence among KT recipients.Keywords: immunosuppressive regimen, medication adherence, quality of life, kidney transplantation
Anahtar Kelimeler : immunosuppressive regimen- medication adherence- quality of life- kidney transplantation.
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 8
Sayfa: 53 - 62
Sınıflandırma :
11
Immunoinformatics and Vaccine Development: An Overview
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Oli AN , Obialor WO , Ifeanyichukwu MO , Odimegwu DC , Okoyeh JN , Emechebe GO , Adejumo SA , Ibeanu GC
Yıl :
2020
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Angus Nnamdi Oli,1 Wilson Okechukwu Obialor,1 Martins Ositadimma Ifeanyichukwu,2,3 Damian Chukwu Odimegwu,4 Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh,5 George Ogonna Emechebe,6 Samson Adedeji Adejumo,1 Gordon C Ibeanu7 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; 2Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra, Nigeria; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Science,Faculty of Health Science and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University,Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; 5Department of Biology and Clinical Laboratory Science, Division of Arts and Sciences, Neumann University, Aston, PA 19014-1298, USA; 6Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka, Nigeria; 7Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USACorrespondence: Angus Nnamdi Oli Email an.oli@unizik.edu.ngAbstract: The use of vaccines have resulted in a remarkable improvement in global health. It has saved several lives, reduced treatment costs and raised the quality of animal and human lives. Current traditional vaccines came empirically with either vague or completely no knowledge of how they modulate our immune system. Even at the face of potential vaccine design advance, immune-related concerns (as seen with specific vulnerable populations, cases of emerging/re-emerging infectious disease, pathogens with complex lifecycle and antigenic variability, need for personalized vaccinations, and concerns for vaccines’ immunological safety -specifically vaccine likelihood to trigger non-antigen-specific responses that may cause autoimmunity and vaccine allergy) are being raised. And these concerns have driven immunologists toward research for a better approach to vaccine design that will consider these challenges. Currently, immunoinformatics has paved the way for a better understanding of some infectious disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, immune system response and computational vaccinology. The importance of this immunoinformatics in the study of infectious diseases is diverse in terms of computational approaches used, but is united by common qualities related to host–pathogen relationship. Bioinformatics methods are also used to assign functions to uncharacterized genes which can be targeted as a candidate in vaccine design and can be a better approach toward the inclusion of women that are pregnant into vaccine trials and programs. The essence of this review is to give insight into the need to focus on novel computational, experimental and computation-driven experimental approaches for studying of host–pathogen interactions and thus making a case for its use in vaccine development.Keywords: immunoinformatics, computational vaccinology, vaccine design, emerging infections, immune system; vaccinology
Anahtar Kelimeler : immunoinformatics, computational vaccinology, vaccine design, emerging infections, immune system)
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 9
Sayfa: 13 - 30
Sınıflandırma :
12
Assessing Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Shurin MR , Morris A , Wells A , Wheeler SE
Yıl :
2020
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Michael R Shurin,1,2 Alison Morris,3 Alan Wells,1 Sarah E Wheeler1 1Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 2Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 3Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USACorrespondence: Michael R Shurin Email shurinmr@upmc.eduIn the XXI century, we have already witnessed the global spread of three previously unknown coronaviruses. In 2002, the first known case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was identified in 2003.1 Before SARS pandemic was declared to be over in summer of 2003, about 8500 cases were reported, including almost 900 deaths in 32 countries. Ten years later, in 2012, a novel coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was isolated and was proven to be associated with several clusters of cases, first in the Arabian Peninsula and then in other countries. As a result, almost 2500 cases including more than 850 deaths in 27 countries have been reported.2 In 2019, a novel β-coronavirus caused severe and even fatal pneumonia in Wuhan China, and rapidly spread to other provinces of China and other countries in 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a pandemic. By mid-May 2020, more than 300,000 people have died and over 4,000,000 have been infected by the coronavirus in almost 200 countries and territories worldwide.
Anahtar Kelimeler : sars-cov-2, covid-19, serology, coronavirus, immunodiagnostics
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 9
Sayfa: 111 - 114
Sınıflandırma :
13
Emerging treatments in management of prostate cancer: biomarker validation and endpoints for immunotherapy clinical trial design
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Slovin SF
Yıl :
2013
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Susan F SlovinGenitourinary Oncology Service, Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USAAbstract: The rapidly emerging field of immunotherapy and the development of novel immunologic agents that have been approved in melanoma and successfully studied in lung cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer have mandated that there be uniformity in clinical trial analysis beyond conventional survival endpoints and imaging. This includes some measure of determining whether the immunologic target is hit and how the treatment has impacted on the immune system in toto. While melanoma is leading the field towards these ends, there is some doubt that not all of the recent successes with immune therapies, for example, checkpoint inhibitors, will be effective for every cancer, and that the toxicities may also be different depending on the malignancy. This review serves to elucidate the current issues facing clinical investigators who perform immunologic trials targeted at patients with prostate cancer and discusses the challenges in assessing the right immunologic endpoints to demonstrate biologic/immunologic targeting leading to clinical benefit.Keywords: sipuleucel-T, prostate-specific antigen, prostate cancer, biomarkers, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, cellular therapy
Anahtar Kelimeler : Sipuleucel-T, prostate cancer, biomarkers, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, cellular therapy
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2014
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 1 - 8
Sınıflandırma :
14
Emerging options for the treatment of melanoma – focus on ipilimumab
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Roddie C , Peggs KS
Yıl :
2014
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Claire Roddie, Karl S Peggs UCL Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology, London, UK Abstract: Ipilimumab is a fully human immunoglobulin subclass G1 anticytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-antigen-4 monoclonal antibody. It has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency for use in advanced melanoma following clear evidence of survival benefit in randomized Phase III studies. It is also under investigation as a treatment for other solid tumors such as renal cell, lung, and prostate cancers. The purported mechanism of antitumor activity of ipilimumab is through T-cell activation, and the side effect profile reflects this. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affect 60% of treated patients and 15% are defined as severe. Fortunately, most irAEs are reversible with early diagnosis and correct management. FDA approval of ipilimumab is dependent on the careful execution of a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy, with the aim of increasing awareness amongst patients and clinicians of the immunological risks of treatment, and providing algorithms for management of irAEs as they develop. Ipilimumab is one of the first immunotherapies to become widely available in the setting of solid tumors, and ongoing research aims to elucidate optimal dosing, optimal scheduling, and expanded access to ipilimumab as an adjuvant or maintenance therapy where appropriate. The identification of clinical correlates or biomarkers to identify those likely to benefit from this high-cost therapy is a top priority. Keywords: ipilimumab, cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-antigen-4, advanced melanoma, metastatic, overall survival
Anahtar Kelimeler : Ipilimumab, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, advanced melanoma, metastatic, overall survival
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2014
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 67 - 78
Sınıflandırma :
15
Identification, characterization, and synthesis of peptide epitopes and a recombinant six-epitope protein for Trichomonas vaginalis serodiagnosis
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Alderete JF , Neace CJ
Yıl :
2013
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
J F Alderete, Calvin J NeaceSchool of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USAAbstract: There is a need for a rapid, accurate serodiagnostic test useful for both women and men infected by Trichomonas vaginalis, which causes the number one sexually transmitted infection (STI). Women and men exposed to T. vaginalis make serum antibody to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (ALD), α-enolase (ENO), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP). We identified, by epitope mapping, the common and distinct epitopes of each protein detected by the sera of women patients with trichomonosis and by the sera of men highly seropositive to the immunogenic protein α-actinin (positive control sera). We analyzed the amino acid sequences to determine the extent of identity of the epitopes of each protein with other proteins in the databanks. This approach identified epitopes unique to T. vaginalis, indicating these peptide-epitopes as possible targets for a serodiagnostic test. Individual or combinations of 15-mer peptide epitopes with low to no identity with other proteins were reactive with positive control sera from both women and men but were unreactive with negative control sera. These analyses permitted the synthesis of a recombinant His6 fusion protein of 111 amino acids with an Mr of ~13.4 kDa, which consisted of 15-mer peptides of two distinct epitopes each for ALD, ENO, and GAP. This recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. This composite protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dot blots, and immunoblots, using positive control sera from women and men. These data indicate that it is possible to identify epitopes and that either singly, in combination, or as a composite protein represent targets for a point-of-care serodiagnostic test for T. vaginalis.Keywords: diagnostics, point-of-care, targets, trichomonosis
Anahtar Kelimeler : Diagnostics, Point-of-Care, Targets, Trichomonosis
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2013
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 91 - 103
Sınıflandırma :
16
Emerging roles for HMGB1 protein in immunity, inflammation, and cancer
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Martinotti S , Patrone M , Ranzato E
Yıl :
2015
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Simona Martinotti, Mauro Patrone, Elia Ranzato DiSIT – Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy Abstract: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a member of the highly conserved non-histone DNA binding protein family. First identified in 1973, as one of a group of chromatin-associated proteins with high acidic and basic amino acid content, it was so named for its characteristic rapid mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HMGB1 was later discovered to have another function. It is released from a variety of cells into the extracellular milieu to act on specific cell-surface receptors. In this latter role, HMGB1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that may contribute to many inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. Therefore, HMGB1 regulates intracellular cascades influencing immune cell functions, including chemotaxis and immune modulation. The bioactivity of the HMGB1 is determined by specific posttranslational modifications that regulate its role in inflammation and immunity. During tumor development, HMGB1 has been reported to play paradoxical roles in promoting both cell survival and death by regulating multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the role of HMGB1 in physiological and pathological responses, as well as the mechanisms by which it contributes to immunity, inflammation, and cancer progression. Keywords: alarmin, DNA replication, HMGB1, posttranslational modifications, wound repair
Anahtar Kelimeler : HMGB1, alarmin, inflammation, DNA replication, wound repair, immunity, post-translational modifications, cancer;
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2015
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 101 - 109
Sınıflandırma :
17
Cancer as an immune-mediated disease
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Shurin MR
Yıl :
2012
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Michael R ShurinDepartments of Pathology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USAAbstract: The link between oncology and immunology has a long history and its development is forced by the necessity to develop innovative and highly efficient modalities for immunological destruction of malignant cells. The limited efficacy of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation also exemplify these issues, as these treatments do not eliminate all cancerous cells, do not address the immunosuppressive nature of the disease and can further impair the patient's immune response weakening patient's resistance to the cancer. Multidisciplinary analysis of the interaction between the immune system and cancer in preclinical and clinical settings suggests that the immune system is closely intertwined with both cancer pathogenesis and treatment. On the one hand, cancer is a manifestation of malfunctions in immunity, as malignant cells manage to escape recognition and elimination by the immune system. Chronic infections and inflammation associated with limited or polarized immune responses also contribute to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The tumor immunoenvironment represents specific conditions and elements that support cancerous cell survival, proliferation and spreading. On the other hand, the specificity and strength of antitumor immunity is a powerful and efficient tool that can be used to recognize and destroy neoplastic cells or their supporting microenvironment. Understanding the role of the immune system in controlling and supporting tumor initiation, formation, growth and progression has crucial implications for cancer therapy and will therefore guide the future development of cancer immunotherapy and its combination with conventional therapies to achieve optimal antitumor effects in patients with different types of cancer.Keywords: tumor immunology and immunotherapy, tumor immunoenvironment, cancer, immunosuppression, regulatory immune cells
Anahtar Kelimeler : Cancer, Immunology
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2012
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 1 - 6
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Apoptoz %20
18
Antigen-based immunotherapy for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the emerging role of blinatumomab
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Litzow MR
Yıl :
2014
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Mark R LitzowMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USAAbstract: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) arises from immature B and T lymphoblasts. An increasing array of cytogenetic and molecular markers have been identified in ALL, which allows for increasingly sophisticated prognostication, as well as identification of potential new targets for therapy. The treatment of ALL in children has shown astounding success in the last 50 years, with more than 90% of children now able to be cured of their ALL. In adults, these success rates have not been duplicated. However, the use of pediatric-intensive regimens in young adults has shown increasing success. The use of monoclonal antibodies conjugated to drugs, immunotoxins, and cells also has shown early success and promises to enhance the outcome of newly diagnosed patients. Blinatumomab, a bispecific T-cell engager antibody, brings a malignant B cell in proximity to a T cell with redirected lysis. This antibody construct has shown promising results in patients with relapsed and refractory disease and is entering randomized clinical trials in newly diagnosed patients. The addition of monoclonal antibody therapy to chemotherapy in adults promises to enhance outcomes while hopefully not increasing toxicity. After many years of stagnation, it appears that the therapy of adults with ALL is showing significant improvement.Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, CD19, blinatumomab
Anahtar Kelimeler : acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, blinatumomab
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2014
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 79 - 89
Sınıflandırma :
19
Gasdermin D Hypermethylation Inhibits Pyroptosis And LPS-Induced IL-1β Release From NK92 Cells
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Muhammad JS , Jayakumar MN , Elemam NM , Venkatachalam T , Raju TK , Hamoudi RA , Maghazachi AA
Yıl :
2019
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Jibran Sualeh Muhammad, Manju Nidagodu Jayakumar, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Thenmozhi Venkatachalam, Tom Kalathil Raju, Rifat Akram Hamoudi, Azzam A Maghazachi College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesCorrespondence: Azzam A MaghazachiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesEmail amaghazachi@sharjah.ac.aeIntroduction: Although natural killer (NK) are major cells used to treat cancer patients, recent clinical trials showed that NK92 cells can be also used for the same purpose due to their high anti-tumor activity. Here, we examined whether these cells might be inflammatory due to the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and whether the anti-inflammatory molecules dimethyl fumarate (DMF), or monomethyl fumarate (MMF) impair this activity.Methods: NK92 cells were examined for the synthesis and release of IL-1β utilizing RT-PCR and ELISA assay, respectively. The expression of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (HCA)1, HCA2 and HCA3 was detected by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR assays. The activation of caspase-1 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) was evaluated by immunoblot assay. Pyroptosis was demonstrated by immunofluorescence imaging. Expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) mRNA was determined by whole transcriptome and immunoblot analyses.Results: LPS-induced the release of IL-1β from NK92 cells, whereas DMF or MMF inhibited this induction. The effect of these drugs was due to inhibiting the conversion of procaspase-1 into active caspase-1. NK92 cells highly expressed GSDMD, a pyroptotic-mediated molecule. However, LPS induced the distribution of GSDMD into the cell membranes, corroborated with the presence of pyroptotic bodies, an activity that was inhibited by DMF or MMF. These molecule also inhibited the generation of GSDMD through DNMT-mediated hypermethylation of the promoter region of GSDMD gene. These results were supported by increased expression of DNMTs mRNA as determined by whole transcriptome analysis.Discussion: Our results are the first to show that NK92 cells utilize GSDMD pathway to release IL-1β. Further, DMF and MMF which were previously shown to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity, also inhibit the inflammatory effects of these cells, making them most suitable for treating cancer patients.Keywords: pyroptosis, gasdermin D, NK cells, IL-1β, dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate
Anahtar Kelimeler : Pyroptosis, Gasdermin D, NK cells, IL-1β, Dimethyl fumarate, Monomethyl fumarate
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 8
Sayfa: 29 - 41
Sınıflandırma :
20
Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: recent and emerging translational developments
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Duffy L , Ou2019Reilly SC
Yıl :
2016
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Laura Duffy, Steven C O’Reilly Immunology and Cell Biology Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Abstract: Autoinflammatory diseases are defined as the loss of self-tolerance in which an inflammatory response to self-antigens occurs, which are a significant global burden. Toll-like receptors are key pattern recognition receptors, which integrate signals leading to the activation of transcription factors and ultimately proinflammatory cytokines. Recently, it has become apparent that these are at the nexus of autoinflammatory diseases making them viable and attractive drug targets. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of innate immunity in autoinflammatory conditions alongside the role of negative regulation while suggesting possible therapeutic targets. Keywords: autoimmunity, toll-like receptors, danger signals, arthritis
Anahtar Kelimeler : autoimmunity, toll-like receptors, danger signals and arthritis
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 5
Sayfa: 69 - 80
Sınıflandırma :
21
Immunotherapy for Medulloblastoma: Current Perspectives
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Kabir TF , Kunos CA , Villano JL , Chauhan A
Yıl :
2020
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Tanvir F Kabir,1 Charles A Kunos,2 John L Villano,3 Aman Chauhan3 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; 2Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; 3Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USACorrespondence: Aman Chauhan Email amanchauhan@uky.eduBackground: Immune-mediated therapies have transformed the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal, bladder, and both small and non-small cell lung carcinomas. However, immunotherapy is yet to demonstrate dramatic results in brain tumors like medulloblastoma for a variety of reasons. Recent pre-clinical and early phase human trials provide encouraging results that may overcome the challenges of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, which include the intrinsic immunosuppressive properties of these cancers, a lack of antigen targets, antigenic variability, and the immune-restrictive site of the CNS. These studies highlight the growing potential of immunotherapy to treat patients with medulloblastoma, a disease that is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality to children and young adults.Methods: We conducted an inclusive review of the PubMed-indexed literature and studies listed in clinicaltrials.gov using combinations of the keywords medulloblastoma, immunotherapy, CNS tumors, brain tumors, vaccines, oncolytic virus, natural killer, and CAR T to identify trials evaluating immunotherapy in preclinical experiments or in patients with medulloblastoma. Given a limited number of investigations using immunotherapy to treat patients with medulloblastoma, 24 studies were selected for final analysis and manuscript citation.Results: This review presents results from pre-clinical studies in medulloblastoma cell lines, animal models, and the limited trials involving human patients.Conclusion: From our review, we suggest that cancer vaccines, oncolytic viral therapy, natural killer cells, and CAR T therapy hold promise against the innate immunosuppressive properties of medulloblastoma in order to prolong survival. There is an unmet need for immunotherapy regimens that target overexpressed antigens in medulloblastoma tumors. We advocate for more combination treatment clinical trials using conventional surgical and radiochemotherapy approaches in the near-term clinical development.Keywords: medulloblastoma, immunotherapy, vaccines, oncolytic virus, natural killer, CAR T, review
Anahtar Kelimeler : medulloblastoma, immunotherapy, vaccines, oncolytic virus, natural killer, car t, review
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 9
Sayfa: 57 - 77
Sınıflandırma :
22
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Therapy for Bladder Cancer: An Update
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Guallar-Garrido S , Julián E
Yıl :
2020
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Sandra Guallar-Garrido, Esther Julián Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainCorrespondence: Esther JuliánDepartament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), SpainTel +34 93 5814870Fax +34 93 5812387Email esther.julian@uab.catAbstract: Physicians treating patients affected by nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) have been in shock during the last six years since manufacturing restrictions on the production of the first-option medicine, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), have resulted in worldwide shortages. This shortage of BCG has led to a rethinking of the established treatment guidelines for the rationing of the administration of BCG. Some possible schedule modifications consist of a decrease in the length of maintenance treatment, a reduction in the dose of BCG in intravesical instillations or the use of different BCG substrains. All these strategies have been considered valuable in times of BCG shortage. In addition, the lack of availability of BCG has also led to the general recognition of the need to find new treatment options for these patients so that they are not dependent on a single treatment. Few alternatives are committed to definitively replacing BCG intravesical instillations, but several options are being evaluated to improve its efficacy or to combine it with other chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic options that can also improve its effect. In this article, we review the current state of the treatment with BCG in terms of all of the aforementioned aspects.Keywords: mycobacteria, nonmuscle invasive, immunotherapy, alternative treatment
Anahtar Kelimeler : mycobacteria, nonmuscle invasive, immunotherapy, alternative treatment
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 9
Sayfa: 1 - 11
Sınıflandırma :
23
Antibody targeting of phosphatidylserine for the detection and immunotherapy of cancer
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Belzile O , Huang X , Gong J , Carlson J , Schroit AJ , Brekken RA , Freimark BD
Yıl :
2018
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Olivier Belzile,1 Xianming Huang,2,3 Jian Gong,2,3 Jay Carlson,2,3 Alan J Schroit,1 Rolf A Brekken,1 Bruce D Freimark2,3 1Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 2Department of Preclinical Research, 3Department of Antibody Discovery, Peregrine Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tustin, CA, USA Abstract: Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a negatively charged phospholipid in all eukaryotic cells that is actively sequestered to the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. Exposure of PS on apoptotic cells is a normal physiological process that triggers their rapid removal by phagocytic engulfment under noninflammatory conditions via receptors primarily expressed on immune cells. PS is aberrantly exposed in the tumor microenvironment and contributes to the overall immunosuppressive signals that antagonize the development of local and systemic antitumor immune responses. PS-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment is further exacerbated by chemotherapy and radiation treatments that result in increased levels of PS on dying cells and necrotic tissue. Antibodies targeting PS localize to tumors and block PS-mediated immunosuppression. Targeting exposed PS in the tumor microenvironment may be a novel approach to enhance immune responses to cancer. Keywords: immunosuppression, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy, imaging, phosphatidylserine, bavituximab
Anahtar Kelimeler : Immunosuppression, tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy, imaging, phosphatidylserine, bavituximab
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 7
Sayfa: 1 - 14
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Apoptoz %95
24
Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A New Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of SLE?
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Lorenzo-Vizcaya A , Fasano S , Isenberg DA
Yıl :
2020
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Ana Lorenzo-Vizcaya,1 Serena Fasano,2 David A Isenberg3 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario De Ourense, Ourense, Spain; 2Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; 3Centre for Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UKCorrespondence: David A Isenberg Email d.isenberg@ucl.ac.ukAbstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a complex pathogenesis, which presents a great variability in its presentation and can affect almost all organs and systems. Multiple therapeutic targets have been discovered recently, but there also have been failed attempts to treat SLE using biologic agents. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase expressed in several types of cells of hematopoietic origin which participate in both innate and adaptive immunity. Ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of several B cell malignancies, including some types of lymphoma and leukemia. As BTK is expressed on several immune cell types, the mechanism of action of BTK also suggests the use of BTK inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will summarize what is known and what has been published so far about the treatment of mouse models of SLE and the human disease, using BTK inhibitors.Keywords: lupus, Bruton, tyrosine kinase, therapeutic targeting, ibrutinib, fenebrutinib
Anahtar Kelimeler : lupus, bruton, tyrosine kinase, therapeutic targeting, ibrutinib, fenebrutinib
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 9
Sayfa: 105 - 110
Sınıflandırma :
Hematoloji %100
25
The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Mancuso P
Yıl :
2016
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Peter Mancuso Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Abstract: Adipose tissue has traditionally been defined as connective tissue that stores excess calories in the form of triacylglycerol. However, the physiologic functions attributed to adipose tissue are expanding, and it is now well established that adipose tissue is an endocrine gland. Among the endocrine factors elaborated by adipose tissue are the adipokines; hormones, similar in structure to cytokines, produced by adipose tissue in response to changes in adipocyte triacylglycerol storage and local and systemic inflammation. They inform the host regarding long-term energy storage and have a profound influence on reproductive function, blood pressure regulation, energy homeostasis, the immune response, and many other physiologic processes. The adipokines possess pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and play a critical role in integrating systemic metabolism with immune function. In calorie restriction and starvation, proinflammatory adipokines decline and anti-inflammatory adipokines increase, which informs the host of energy deficits and contributes to the suppression of immune function. In individuals with normal metabolic status, there is a balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. This balance shifts to favor proinflammatory mediators as adipose tissue expands during the development of obesity. As a consequence, the proinflammatory status of adipose tissue contributes to a chronic low-grade state of inflammation and metabolic disorders associated with obesity. These disturbances are associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and many other pathological conditions. This review focuses on the impact of energy homeostasis on the adipokines in immune function. Keywords: calorie restriction, obesity, adipose tissue, type 2 diabetes, macrophage, infection, chronic low-grade inflammation
Anahtar Kelimeler : adipokines, chronic, inflammation, macrophage, adipose tissue, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2016
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 47 - 56
Sınıflandırma :
26
Safety of checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment: strategies for patient monitoring and management of immune-mediated adverse events
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Davies M , Duffield EA
Yıl :
2017
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Marianne Davies,1–3 Emily A Duffield3 1Yale School of Nursing, 2Department of Medical Oncology, Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3Department of Nursing, Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs), in the form of monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1, have dramatically changed the treatment approach in several advanced cancers. Due to their mechanism of action, these novel agents are associated with a unique spectrum of immune-mediated adverse events (imAEs), with a safety profile that indicates they are better tolerated than traditional chemotherapeutic agents. This article aims to provide education on the current knowledge about imAEs associated with ICPI treatment, including strategies and tools for the prompt identification, evaluation, and optimal management of these events. The identification and management of imAEs are reviewed based on published literature, labeling guidelines, and the authors’ personal experience with patients. The imAE safety profiles of ICPIs vary, depending on the specific antibody and the type of cancer being treated. Although most imAEs are mild and easily managed, early identification and proactive treatment are essential actions serving both to reduce the risk of developing severe imAEs and to maximize the potential for patients to receive the benefits of ongoing ICPI treatment. As a primary point of contact for patients undergoing oncology treatment, nurses play a critical role in identifying imAEs, educating patients about the importance of timely reporting of potentially relevant symptoms, and assisting in the treatment and follow-up of patients who develop imAEs while on ICPI therapy. Keywords: immune-mediated adverse event, checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapy, CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1
Anahtar Kelimeler : immune-mediated adverse event, checkpoint inhibitor, immunotherapy, CTLA-4, PD-L1
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 6
Sayfa: 51 - 71
Sınıflandırma :
27
Cancer testis antigen and immunotherapy
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Krishnadas DK , Bai F , Lucas KG
Yıl :
2013
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Deepa Kolaseri Krishnadas, Fanqi Bai, Kenneth G Lucas Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, KY, USA Abstract: The identification of cancer testis (CT) antigens has been an important advance in determining potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple previous studies have shown that CT antigen vaccines, using both peptides and dendritic cell vaccines, can elicit clinical and immunologic responses in several different tumors. This review details the expression of melanoma antigen family A, 1 (MAGE-A1), melanoma antigen family A, 3 (MAGE-A3), and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) in various malignancies, and presents our current understanding of CT antigen based immunotherapy. Keywords: cancer testis antigens, immunotherapy, vaccine
Anahtar Kelimeler : Cancer testis antigen, immunotherapy, vaccine
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2013
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 11 - 19
Sınıflandırma :
Biyotıp %100
Antikorlar %91
28
Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: Current Insights
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Vijayakumar S , Viswanathan S , Aghoram R
Yıl :
2020
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Saravanakumari Vijayakumar,1 Stalin Viswanathan,2 Rajeswari Aghoram3 1Pathology, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry 605502, India; 2General Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India; 3Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, IndiaCorrespondence: Rajeswari AghoramDepartment of Neurology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, D. Nagar, Pondicherry 605006, IndiaTel +91 413 229 7285Email rajeswari.a@gmail.comAbstract: Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia is a condition characterized by low CD4 counts. It is rare and most of the information about this illness comes from case reports. Presentation is usually in the 4th decade of life with opportunistic infections, autoimmune disease or neoplasia. The pathophysiology of this condition is not well understood. Management revolves around treatment of the presenting condition and close follow-up of these patients. This review presents a narrative summary of the current literature on idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia.Keywords: CD4 T cell lymphocytopenia, opportunistic infections, neoplasia, autoimmune disease
Anahtar Kelimeler : cd4 t cell lymphocytopenia, opportunistic infections, neoplasia, autoimmune disease
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 9
Sayfa: 79 - 93
Sınıflandırma :
29
Hairy cell leukemia – immunotargets and therapies
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Basheer F , Bloxham DM , Scott MA , Follows GA
Yıl :
2014
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Faisal Basheer, David M Bloxham, Mike A Scott, George A FollowsDepartment of Haematology, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKAbstract: Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an indolent low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder that is reasonably sensitive to standard first-line purine analog therapy. However, in many cases, repeat relapses occur, requiring multiple courses of purine analog therapy, promoting eventual drug resistance. This, coupled with the concerning side effects of repeated purine analog exposure, has prompted the search for alternative targets and therapies that may provide deeper remissions. Novel strategies employing immune-mediated targeting via monoclonal antibody therapies and recombinant immunotoxins appear promising in HCL and are currently under investigation. More recently, the concept of targeted kinase inhibition using small-molecule inhibitors in HCL has emerged as another potentially viable option. As a deeper understanding of the aberrant molecular pathways contributing to the pathogenesis of HCL develops, the landscape of management for HCL, particularly in the relapse setting, may change significantly in the future as a result of these promising immunotargets and therapies.Keywords: hairy cell leukemia, immunotargets, therapies
Anahtar Kelimeler : Hairy cell leukaemia, Immunotargets, therapies
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2014
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 107 - 120
Sınıflandırma :
Hematoloji %100
30
Nanocarrier-based immunotherapy in cancer management and research
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
Dergi:
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Yazar(lar) :
Singh MS , Bhaskar S
Yıl :
2014
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
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Kaydet Alıntıla
Manu Smriti Singh,1 Sangeeta Bhaskar21Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; 2Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, IndiaAbstract: Research in cancer immunotherapy has gained momentum in the last two decades, with many studies and clinical trials showing positive therapeutic outcomes. Immunotherapy can elicit not only a strong anticancer immune response which could even control metastases, but could also induce immunological memory, resulting in long-lasting protection in the prophylactic setting and protection against possible recurrence. Nanocarriers offer an attractive means for delivery of a multitude of therapeutic immunomodulators which are readily taken up by immune cells and can initiate a particular arm of an immunostimulatory cascade leading to tumor cell killing. This review focuses on recent advances in nanocarrier-mediated immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. Both in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical progress are discussed in various sections. Description of the specific role of nanoparticle technology in immunotherapy highlights the way particles can be tailor-made in terms of size, structure, payload, and surface properties for active targeting to antigen-presenting cells and/or enhanced accumulation in the solid tumor.Keywords: cancer, immunotherapy, nanocarriers
Anahtar Kelimeler : cancer, immunotherapy, nanocarriers
ISSN: 2253-1556
Cilt: 2014
Sayı: 1
Sayfa: 121 - 134
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