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The Impact of Model Building on the Transmission Dynamics under Vaccination: Observable (Symptom- Based) versus Unobservable (Contagiousness- Dependent) Approaches
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak 1:
JSTOR
Dergi:
PLoS One
Yazar(lar) :
Keisuke Ejima , Kazuyuki Aihara , Hiroshi Nishiura
Yıl :
2013
PLoS One
Kaydet Alıntıla
BACKGROUND: The way we formulate a mathematical model of an infectious disease to capture symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission can greatly influence the likely effectiveness of vaccination in the presence of vaccine effect for preventing clinical illness. The present study aims to assess the impact of model building strategy on the epidemic threshold under vaccination. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We consider two different types of mathematical models, one based on observable variables including symptom onset and recovery from clinical illness (hereafter, the “observable model”) and the other based on unobservable information of infection event and infectiousness (the “unobservable model”). By imposing a number of modifying assumptions to the observable model, we let it mimic the unobservable model, identifying that the two models are fully consistent only when the incubation period is identical to the latent period and when there is no pre-symptomatic transmission. We also computed the reproduction numbers with and without vaccination, demonstrating that the data generating process of vaccine-induced reduction in symptomatic illness is consistent with the observable model only and examining how the effective reproduction number is differently calculated by two models. CONCLUSIONS: To explicitly incorporate the vaccine effect in reducing the risk of symptomatic illness into the model, it is fruitful to employ a model that directly accounts for disease progression. More modeling studies based on observable epidemiological information are called for.
Yayın Tarihi: 2013-04-12
2
The Impact of Model Building on the Transmission Dynamics under Vaccination: Observable (Symptom- Based) versus Unobservable (Contagiousness- Dependent) Approaches
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
JSTOR
Dergi:
PLoS One
Yazar(lar) :
Keisuke Ejima , Kazuyuki Aihara , Hiroshi Nishiura
Yıl :
2013
PLoS One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
BACKGROUND: The way we formulate a mathematical model of an infectious disease to capture symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission can greatly influence the likely effectiveness of vaccination in the presence of vaccine effect for preventing clinical illness. The present study aims to assess the impact of model building strategy on the epidemic threshold under vaccination. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We consider two different types of mathematical models, one based on observable variables including symptom onset and recovery from clinical illness (hereafter, the “observable model”) and the other based on unobservable information of infection event and infectiousness (the “unobservable model”). By imposing a number of modifying assumptions to the observable model, we let it mimic the unobservable model, identifying that the two models are fully consistent only when the incubation period is identical to the latent period and when there is no pre-symptomatic transmission. We also computed the reproduction numbers with and without vaccination, demonstrating that the data generating process of vaccine-induced reduction in symptomatic illness is consistent with the observable model only and examining how the effective reproduction number is differently calculated by two models. CONCLUSIONS: To explicitly incorporate the vaccine effect in reducing the risk of symptomatic illness into the model, it is fruitful to employ a model that directly accounts for disease progression. More modeling studies based on observable epidemiological information are called for.
Yayın Tarihi: 2013-04-12
3
Transdermal rivastigmine for HIV-associated cognitive impairment: A randomized pilot study
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Muñoz Moreno Jose Antonio , Prats Anna , Moltó José , Garolera Freixa Maite , Pérez Álvarez Núria , Díez Quevedo Crisanto , Miranda Cristina , Rodríguez Fumaz Carmina , Ferrer María José , Clotet Bonaventura
Konu :
cognitive impairment, combination antiretroviral therapy, deterioro cognitivo, tratamiento antirretroviral combinado, deterioració cognitiva, tractament antiretroviral combinat, AIDS (Disease), Sida, Sida
Yıl :
2017
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
To assess the efficacy and safety of transdermal rivastigmine for the treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment.
Methods, we recruited HIV-infected patients with cognitive impairment on stable antiretroviral therapy in a randomized controlled pilot trial with a 48-week follow-up. An additional assessment was held at 12 weeks. Participants received transdermal rivastigmine (9.5 mg daily), lithium (400 mg twice daily, titrated progressively), or remained in a control group (no new medication). The primary efficacy endpoint was change in a global cognitive score (NPZ-7). Secondary endpoints included change in specific cognitive measures, domains, and functional
parameters. Safety covered the frequency of adverse events and changes in laboratory results. Seventy-six subjects were screened, and 29 were finally enrolled. Better cognitive outcomes were observed in all groups, although there were no significant differences between the arms (mean NPZ-7 change [SD]): rivastigmine, 0.35 (0.14); lithium, 0.25 (0.40); control,
0.20 (0.44) (p = 0.78). The rivastigmine group showed the highest positive trend (mean NPZ-7 [SD], baseline vs week 48): rivastigmine, -0.47 (0.22) vs -0.11 (0.29), p = 0.06; lithium, -0.50 (0.40) vs -0.26 (0.21), p = 0.22; control, -0.52 (0.34) vs -0.32 (0.52), p = 0.44. The cognitive domains with the highest positive trends were information processing speed
at week 12 and executive function at week 48 (rivastigmine vs control): information processing speed, 0.35 (0.64) vs ¿0.13 (0.25), p = 0.17, d = 0.96; and executive functioning, 0.73
(0.33) vs 0.03 (0.74), p = 0.09, d = 1.18. No relevant changes were observed regarding functional outcomes. A total of 12 (41%) individuals dropped out of the study: 2 (20%) were due
to medication-related effects in the rivastigmine group and 4 (36%) in the lithium group. No severe adverse events were reported. Conclusions, the results from this small randomized trial indicate that transdermal rivastigmine did not
provide significant cognitive benefits in people with HAND on stable antiretroviral therapy, even though positive trends were found in specific cognitive domains. Relevant tolerability
issues were not observed.
Anahtar Kelimeler : cognitive impairment, combination antiretroviral therapy, deterioro cognitivo, tratamiento antirretroviral combinado, deterioració cognitiva, tractament antiretroviral combinat, AIDS (Disease), Sida, Sida
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
4
Classification models for neurocognitive impairment in HIV infection based on demographic and clinical variables
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Muñoz-Moreno José A. , Pérez Alvarez Núria , Muñoz-Murillo A. , Prats A. , Garolera M. , Jurado M.A. , Fumaz C.R. , Negredo Eugenia , Ferrer M.J. , Clotet Bonaventura
Yıl :
2014
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Objective: We used demographic and clinical data to design practical classification models for prediction of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV infection.
Methods: The study population comprised 331 HIV-infected patients with available demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive data collected using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Classification and regression trees (CART) were developed to btain detailed and reliable models to predict NCI. Following a practical clinical approach, NCI was considered the main variable for study outcomes, and analyses were performed separately in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients.
Results: The study sample comprised 52 treatment-naïve and 279 experienced patients. In the first group, the variables identified as better predictors of NCI were CD4 cell count and age (correct classification [CC]: 79.6%, 3 final nodes). In treatment-experienced patients, the variables most closely related to NCI were years of education, nadir CD4 cell count, central nervous system penetration-effectiveness score, age, employment status, and confounding comorbidities (CC: 82.1%, 7 final nodes). In patients with an undetectable viral load and no comorbidities, we obtained a fairly accurate model in which the main variables were nadir CD4 cell count, current CD4 cell count, time on current treatment, and past highest viral load (CC: 88%, 6 final nodes).
Conclusion: Practical classification models to predict NCI in HIV infection can be obtained using demographic and clinical variables. An approach based on CART analyses may facilitate screening for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and complement clinical information about risk and protective factors for NCI in HIV-infected patients.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107625
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
5
Argument structure and the representation of abstract semantics
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Rodríguez Ferreiro Javier , Andreu Barrachina Llorenç , Sanz Torrent Mònica
Konu :
morphology, semantics, syntax, morfologia, sintaxi, semàntica, morfología, sintaxis, semántica, Grammar, Comparative and general, Morphology, Gramàtica comparada i general, Morfologia, Gramática comparada y general, Morfología
Yıl :
2014
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
According to the dual coding theory, differences in the ease of retrieval between concrete and abstract words are related to the exclusive dependence of abstract semantics on linguistic information. Argument structure can be considered a measure of the complexity of the linguistic contexts that accompany a verb. If the retrieval of abstract verbs relies more on the linguistic codes they are associated to, we could expect a larger effect of argument structure for the processing of abstract verbs. In this study, sets of length- and frequency-matched verbs including 40 intransitive verbs, 40 transitive verbs taking simple complements, and 40 transitive verbs taking sentential complements were presented in separate lexical and grammatical decision tasks. Half of the verbs were concrete and half were abstract. Similar results were obtained in the two tasks, with significant effects of imageability and transitivity. However, the interaction between these two variables was not significant. These results conflict with hypotheses assuming a stronger reliance of abstract semantics on linguistic codes. In contrast, our data are in line with theories that link the ease of retrieval with availability and robustness of semantic information.
Anahtar Kelimeler : morphology, semantics, syntax, morfologia, sintaxi, semàntica, morfología, sintaxis, semántica, Grammar, Comparative and general, Morphology, Gramàtica comparada i general, Morfologia, Gramática comparada y general, Morfología
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
6
Screening Physical Activity in Family Practice: Validity of the Spanish Version of a Brief Physical Activity Questionnaire
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Puig Ribera Anna , Martín Cantera Carlos , Puigdomènech E. , Real Jordi , Romaguera Bosch Montserrat , Magdalena-Belio José Félix , Recio Rodriguez José I. , Rodriguez-Martin Beatriz , Arietaleanizbeaskoa Maria Soledad , Repisou2013Gento Irene , Garcia-Ortiz Luis
Yıl :
2015
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
The use of brief screening tools to identify inactive patients is essential to improve the efficiency
of primary care-based physical activity (PA) programs. However, the current employment
of short PA questionnaires within the Spanish primary care pathway is unclear. This
study evaluated the validity of the Spanish version of a Brief Physical Activity Assessment
Tool (SBPAAT).
Methods
A validation study was carried out within the EVIDENT project. A convenience sample of
patients (n = 1,184; age 58.9±13.7 years; 60.5% female) completed the SBPAAT and the
7-day Physical Activity Recall (7DPAR) and, in addition, wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph
GT3X) for seven consecutive days. Validity was evaluated by measuring agreement,
Kappa correlation coefficients, sensitivity and specificity in achieving current PA recommendations
with the 7DPAR. Pearson correlation coefficients with the number of daily minutes
engaged in moderate and vigorous intensity PA according to the accelerometer were also
assessed. Comparison with accelerometer counts, daily minutes engaged in sedentary,
light, moderate, and vigorous intensity PA, total daily kilocalories, and total PA and ltime expenditure (METs-hour-week) between the sufficiently and insufficiently active
groups identified by SBPAAT were reported.
Results
The SBPAAT identified 41.3%sufficiently active (n = 489) and 58.7% insufficiently active
(n = 695) patients; it showed moderate validity (k = 0.454, 95% CI: 0.402–0.505) and a
specificity and sensitivity of 74.3%and 74.6%, respectively. Validity was fair for identifying
daily minutes engaged in moderate (r = 0.215, 95% CI:0.156 to 0.272) and vigorous PA
(r = 0.282, 95% CI:0.165 to 0.391). Insufficiently active patients according to the SBPAAT
significantly reported fewer counts/minute (-22%), fewer minutes/day of moderate (-11.38)
and vigorous PA (-2.69), spent fewer total kilocalories/day (-753), and reported a lower
energy cost (METs-hour-week) of physical activities globally (-26.82) and during leisure
time (-19.62).
Conclusions
The SBPAAT is a valid tool to identify Spanish-speaking patients who are insufficiently
active to achieve health benefits.
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
7
Fine-scale haplotype mapping of MUT, AACS, SLC6A15 and PRKCA genes indicates association with insulin resistance of metabolic syndrome and relationship with branched chain amino acid metabolism or regulation
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Dergi Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Haydar Sara , Grigorescu Florin , Vintila Madalina , Cogne Yannick , Lautier Corinne , Tutuncu Yildiz , Brun Jean Frederic , Robine Jean Marie , Pugeat Michel , Normand Christophe , Poucheret Patrick , Gheorghiu Monica , Georgescu Carmen , Badiu Corin , Băculescu Nicoleta , Renard Eric , Ylli Dorina , Badiou Stephanie , Sutra Thibault , Cristol Jean Paul , Mercier Jacques , Gomis Ramon , Macias Solé Josep Maria , Litvinov Serghey , Khusnutdinova Elza , Poiana Catalina , Pasquali Renato , Lauro Davide , Sesti Giorgio , Prudente Sabrina , Trischitta Vincenzo , Tsatsoulis Agathocles , Abdelhak Sonia , Barakat Abdelhamid , Zenati Akila , Ylli Agron , Satman Ilhan , Kanninen Timo , Rinato Yves , Missoni Sasa
Konu :
Insulinoresistència, Obesitat, 61 - Medicina
Yıl :
2019
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Tam Metin
Kaydet Alıntıla
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential elements of the human diet, which display increased plasma levels in obesity and regained particular interest as potential biomarkers for development of diabetes. To define determinants of insulin resistance (IR) we investigated 73 genes involved in BCAA metabolism or regulation by fine-scale haplotype mapping in two European populations with metabolic syndrome. French and Romanians (n = 465) were genotyped for SNPs (Affymetrix) and enriched by imputation (BEAGLE 4.1) at 1000 genome project density. Initial association hits detected by sliding window were refined (HAPLOVIEW 3.1 and PHASE 2.1) and correlated to homeostasis model assessment (HOMAIR) index, in vivo insulin sensitivity (SI) and BCAA plasma levels (ANOVA). Four genomic regions were associated with IR located downstream of MUT, AACS, SLC6A15 and PRKCA genes (P between 9.3 and 3.7 x 10−5). Inferred haplotypes up to 13 SNPs length were associated with IR (e.g. MUT gene with P < 4.9 x 10−5; Bonferroni 1.3 x 10−3) and synergistic to HOMAIR. SNPs in the same regions were also associated with one order of magnitude lower P values (e.g. rs20167284 in the MUT gene with P < 1.27 x 10−4) and replicated in Mediterranean samples (n = 832). In French, influential haplotypes (OR > 2.0) were correlated with in vivo insulin sensitivity (1/SI) except for SLC6A15 gene. Association of these genes with BCAA levels was variable, but influential haplotypes confirmed implication of MUT from BCAA metabolism as well as a role of regulatory genes (AACS and PRKCA) and suggested potential changes in transcriptional activity. These data drive attention towards new regulatory regions involved in IR in relation with BCAA and show the ability of haplotypes in phased DNA to detect signals complimentary to SNPs, which may be useful in designing genetic markers for clinical applications in ethnic populations.
Tez türü: article
8
Prolonged Sitting Time: Barriers, Facilitators and Views on Change among Primary Healthcare Patients Who Are Overweight or Moderately Obese
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Martínez-Ramos Elena , Martin Carme , Trujillo J.M. , Giné-Garriga Maria , Martín Cantera Carlos , Solà Gonfaus Mercè , Castillo-Ramos Eva , Pujol-Ribera Enriqueta , Rodríguez Dolors , Puigdomènech E. , Beltran A.M. , Serra Paya Noemí , Gascón-Catalán Anna , Puig Ribera Anna
Yıl :
2015
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Background and Objectives

Prolonged sitting time has negative consequences on health, although the population is not well aware of these harmful effects. We explored opinions expressed by primary care patients diagnosed as overweight or moderately obese concerning their time spent sitting, willingness to change, and barriers, facilitators, goals and expectations related to limiting this behaviour.

Methods

A descriptive-interpretive qualitative study was carried out at three healthcare centres in Barcelona, Spain, and included 23 patients with overweight or moderate obesity, aged 25 to 65 years, who reported sitting for at least 6 hours a day. Exclusion criteria were inability to sit down or stand up from a chair without help and language barriers that precluded interview participation. Ten in-depth, semi-structured interviews (5 group, 5 individual) were audio recorded from January to July 2012 and transcribed. The interview script included questions about time spent sitting, willingness to change, barriers and facilitators, and the prospect of assistance from primary healthcare professionals. An analysis of thematic content was made using ATLAS.Ti and triangulation of analysts.

Results

The most frequent sedentary activities were computer use, watching television, and motorized journeys. There was a lack of awareness of the amount of time spent sitting and its negative consequences on health. Barriers to reducing sedentary time included work and family routines, lack of time and willpower, age and sociocultural limitations. Facilitators identified were sociocultural change, free time and active work, and family surroundings. Participants recognized the abilities of health professionals to provide help and advice, and reported a preference for patient-centred or group interventions.

Conclusions

Findings from this study have implications for reducing sedentary behaviour. Patient insights were used to design an intervention to reduce sitting time within the frame of the SEDESTACTIV clinical trial.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125739
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
9
Auditory word recognition of verbs: Effects of verb argument structure on referent identification
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Sanz Torrent M. , Andreu Barrachina Llorenç , Rodriguez Ferreiro J. , Coll-Florit Marta , Trueswell J.C.
Yıl :
2017
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Word recognition includes the activation of a range of syntactic and semantic knowledge that is relevant to language interpretation and reference. Here we explored whether or not the number of arguments a verb takes impinges negatively on verb processing time. In this study, three experiments compared the dynamics of spoken word recognition for verbs with different preferred argument structure. Listeners¿ eye movements were recorded as they searched an array of pictures in response to hearing a verb. Results were similar in all the experiments. The time to identify the referent increased as a function of the number of arguments, above and beyond any effects of label appropriateness (and other controlled variables, such as letter, phoneme and syllable length, phonological neighborhood, oral and written lexical frequencies, imageability and rated age of acquisition). The findings indicate that the number of arguments a verb takes, influences referent identification during spoken word recognition. Representational complexity and amount of information generated by the lexical item that aids target identification are discussed as possible sources of this finding. © 2017 Sanz-Torrent et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
10
Patterns of impact resulting from a 'sit less, move more' web-based program in sedentary office employees
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Puig Ribera Anna , Bort Roig Judit , González-Suárez Ángel Manuel , Martínez-Lemos Rodolfo Iván , Giné-Garriga Maria , Fortuño Josep , Martori Joan Carles , Muñoz-Ortiz Laura , Milà Raimon , McKenna Jim , Gilson Nicholas D.
Yıl :
2015
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Purpose
Encouraging office workers to ‘sit less and move more’ encompasses two public health priorities.
However, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of workplace interventions for
reducing sitting, even less about the longer term effects of such interventions and still less
on dual-focused interventions. This study assessed the short and mid-term impacts of a
workplace web-based intervention (Walk@WorkSpain, W@WS; 2010-11) on self-reported
sitting time, step counts and physical risk factors (waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure)
for chronic disease.
Methods
Employees at six Spanish university campuses (n=264; 42±10 years; 171 female) were
randomly assigned by worksite and campus to an Intervention (used W@WS; n=129; 87
female) or a Comparison group (maintained normal behavior; n=135; 84 female). This
phased, 19-week program aimed to decrease occupational sitting time through increased
incidental movement and short walks. A linear mixed model assessed changes in outcome
measures between the baseline, ramping (8 weeks), maintenance (11 weeks) and followup
(two months) phases for Intervention versus Comparison groups.A significant 2 (group) × 2 (program phases) interaction was found for self-reported occupational
sitting (F[3]=7.97, p=0.046), daily step counts (F[3]=15.68, p=0.0013) and waist circumference
(F[3]=11.67, p=0.0086). The Intervention group decreased minutes of daily
occupational sitting while also increasing step counts from baseline (446±126; 8,862±2,475)
through ramping (+425±120; 9,345±2,435), maintenance (+422±123; 9,638±3,131) and
follow-up (+414±129; 9,786±3,205). In the Comparison group, compared to baseline
(404±106), sitting time remained unchanged through ramping and maintenance, but decreased
at follow-up (-388±120), while step counts diminished across all phases. The
Intervention group significantly reduced waist circumference by 2.1cms from baseline to
follow-up while the Comparison group reduced waist circumference by 1.3cms over the
same period.
Conclusions
W@WSis a feasible and effective evidence-based intervention that can be successfully deployed
with sedentary employees to elicit sustained changes on “sitting less and moving more”.
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
11
Inverting Monotonic Nonlinearities by Entropy Maximization
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Solé-Casals Jordi , Lopez-de-Ipiña Karmele , Caiafa Cesar F.
Yıl :
2017
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
This paper proposes a new method for blind inversion of a monotonic nonlinear map
applied to a sum of random variables. Such kinds of mixtures of random variables are
found in source separation and Wiener system inversion problems, for example. The importance
of our proposed method is based on the fact that it permits to decouple the estimation
of the nonlinear part (nonlinear compensation) from the estimation of the linear one (source
separation matrix or deconvolution filter), which can be solved by applying any convenient
linear algorithm. Our new nonlinear compensation algorithm, the MaxEnt algorithm, generalizes
the idea of Gaussianization of the observation by maximizing its entropy instead. We
developed two versions of our algorithm based either in a polynomial or a neural network
parameterization of the nonlinear function. We provide a sufficient condition on the nonlinear
function and the probability distribution that gives a guarantee for the MaxEnt method to
succeed compensating the distortion. Through an extensive set of simulations, MaxEnt is
compared with existing algorithms for blind approximation of nonlinear maps. Experiments
show that MaxEnt is able to successfully compensate monotonic distortions outperforming
other methods in terms of the obtained Signal to Noise Ratio in many important cases, for
example when the number of variables in a mixture is small. Besides its ability for compensating
nonlinearities, MaxEnt is very robust, i.e. showing small variability in the results.
1.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165288
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
12
Risk Prediction Scores for Recurrence and Progression of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: An International Validation in Primary Tumours
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Vedder M.M. , Márquez M. , Bekker-Grob de E.W. , Calle M. Luz , Dyrskjot L. , Kogevinas Manolis , Segersten U. , Malmström P.U. , Algaba F. , Beukers W. , Orntoft T.F. , Zwarthoff E. , Real Francisco X. , Malats i Riera Núria , Steyerberg E.W.
Yıl :
2014
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to determine the validity of two risk scores for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in
different European settings, in patients with primary tumours.
Methods: We included 1,892 patients with primary stage Ta or T1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent a
transurethral resection in Spain (n = 973), the Netherlands (n = 639), or Denmark (n = 280). We evaluated recurrence-free
survival and progression-free survival according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer
(EORTC) and the Spanish Urological Club for Oncological Treatment (CUETO) risk scores for each patient and used the
concordance index (c-index) to indicate discriminative ability.
Results: The 3 cohorts were comparable according to age and sex, but patients from Denmark had a larger proportion of
patients with the high stage and grade at diagnosis (p,0.01). At least one recurrence occurred in 839 (44%) patients and
258 (14%) patients had a progression during a median follow-up of 74 months. Patients from Denmark had the highest 10-
year recurrence and progression rates (75% and 24%, respectively), whereas patients from Spain had the lowest rates (34%
and 10%, respectively). The EORTC and CUETO risk scores both predicted progression better than recurrence with c-indices
ranging from 0.72 to 0.82 while for recurrence, those ranged from 0.55 to 0.61.
Conclusion: The EORTC and CUETO risk scores can reasonably predict progression, while prediction of recurrence is more
difficult. New prognostic markers are needed to better predict recurrence of tumours in primary non-muscle invasive
bladder cancer patients.
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
13
Preferred spatial frequencies for human face processing are associated with optimal class discrimination in the machine
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Keil Matthias S. , Lapedriza Garcia Àgata , Masip Rodó David , Vitrià Marca Jordi
Konu :
Artificial face recognition systems, Psychophysical studies, Pattern recognition systems, Human face recognition (Computer science), Reconeixement de formes (Informàtica), Reconeixement facial (Informàtica), Reconocimiento de formas (Informática), Reconocimiento facial (Informática)
Yıl :
2008
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Psychophysical studies suggest that humans preferentially use a narrow band of low spatial frequencies for face recognition. Here we asked whether artificial face recognition systems have an improved recognition performance at the same spatial frequencies as humans. To this end, we estimated recognition performance over a large database of face images by computing three discriminability measures: Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis, Non-Parametric Discriminant Analysis, and Mutual Information. In order to address frequency dependence, discriminabilities were measured as a function of (filtered) image size. All three measures revealed a maximum at the same image sizes, where the spatial frequency content corresponds to the psychophysical found frequencies. Our results therefore support the notion that the critical band of spatial frequencies for face recognition in humans and machines follows from inherent properties of face images, and that the use of these frequencies is associated with optimal face recognition performance.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Artificial face recognition systems, Psychophysical studies, Pattern recognition systems, Human face recognition (Computer science), Reconeixement de formes (Informàtica), Reconeixement facial (Informàtica), Reconocimiento de formas (Informática), Reconocimiento facial (Informática)
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
14
Plasma HIV-1 Tropism and the Risk of Short- Term Clinical Progression to AIDS or Death
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Casadellà Maria , Cozzi-Lepri Alessandro , Phillips Andrew , Noguera-Julian Marc , Bickel Markus , Sedlacek Dalibor , Zilmer Kai , Clotet Bonaventura , Lundgren Jens D. , Paredes Roger
Yıl :
2017
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Objective
To investigate if plasma HIV-1 tropism testing could identify subjects at higher risk for clinical
progression and death in routine clinical management.
Design
Nested case-control study within the EuroSIDA cohort.
Methods
Cases were subjects with AIDS or who died from any cause, with a plasma sample with
HIV-1 RNA >1000 copies/mL available for tropism testing 3 to 12 months prior to the event.
At least 1 control matched for age, HIV-1 RNA and HCV status at the time of sampling were
selected per each case. Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate exposures
associated with clinical progression to AIDS or death. A linear mixed model with random
intercept was used to compare CD4+T-cell slopes by HIV tropism over the 12 months following
the date of sampling.
Results
The study included 266 subjects, 100 cases and 166 controls; one quarter had X4 HIV; 26%
were ART-naïve. Baseline factors independently associated with clinical progression or
death were female gender (OR = 2.13 vs. male, 95CI = 1.04, 4.36), p = 0.038), CD4+T-cell
count (OR = 0.90 (95CI = 0.80, 1.00) per 100 cells/mm3 higher, p = 0.058), being on ART
(OR = 2.72 vs. being off-ART (95CI = 1.15, 6.41), p = 0.022) and calendar year of sample
[OR = 0.84 (95CI = 0.77, 0.91) per more recent year, p<0.001). Baseline tropism was not
associated with the risk of clinical progression or death. CD4+T-cell slopes did not differ
within or between tropism groups.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166613
Tez türü: article
15
Effectiveness of a Treatment Switch to Nevirapine plus Tenofovir and Emtricitabine (or Lamivudine) in Adults with HIV-1 Suppressed Viremia
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Llibre Josep M. , Bravo Isabel , Ornelas Arelly , Santos José R. , Puig Jordi , Martín Iguacel Raquel , Paredes Roger , Clotet Bonaventura
Yıl :
2015
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Background
Switching subjects with persistently undetectable HIV-1 viremia under antiretroviral treatment
(ART) to once-daily tenofovir/emtricitabine (or lamivudine) + nevirapine is a cost-effective
and well-tolerated strategy. However, the effectiveness of this approach has not been
established.
Methods
We performed a retrospective study evaluating the rates of treatment failure, virological failure
(VF), and variables associated, in all subjects initiating this switch combination in our
clinic since 2001. Analyses were performed by a modified intention to treat, where switch
due to toxicity equalled failure. The main endpoint was plasma HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL.
Results
341 patients were treated for a median of 176 (57; 308) weeks. At week 48, 306 (89.7%)
subjects had HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL, 10 (2.9%) experienced VF, and 25 (7.4%) discontinued
the treatment due to toxicity. During the whole follow-up 23 (6.7%) individuals (17 on
lamivudine, 6 on emtricitabine; p = 0.034) developed VF and treatment modification due to
toxicity occurred in 36 (10.7%). Factors independently associated with VF in a multivariate
analysis were: intravenous drug use (HR 1.51; 95%CI 1.12, 2.04), time with undetectable
viral load before the switch (HR 0.98; 0.97, 0.99), number of prior NRTIs (HR 1.49; 1.15,
1.93) or NNRTIs (HR 3.22; 1.64, 6.25), and previous NVP (HR 1.54; 1.10, 2.17) or efavirenz
(HR 5.76; 1.11, 29.87) unscheduled interruptions. VF was associated with emergence of
usual nevirapine mutations (Y181C/I/D, K103N and V106A/I), M184V (n = 16; 12 with lamivudine
vs. 4 with emtricitabine, p = 0.04), and K65R (n = 7).Conclusions
The rates of treatment failure at 48 weeks, or long-term toxicity or VF with this switch regimen
are low and no unexpected mutations or patterns of mutations were selected in subjects
with treatment failure.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128131
Tez türü: article
16
One-year follow-up of a randomized trial with a dilemma-focused intervention for depression: Exploring an alternative to problem-oriented strategies
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Feixas Guillem , Paz Clara , García Grau Eugeni , Montesano del Campo Adrián , Medina Joan C. , Bados López Arturo , Trujillo Adriana , Ortíz Eliana , Compañ Felipe Victoria , Salla Marta , Aguilera Mari , Guasch Víctor , Codina Jordi , Winter David A.
Konu :
Depression, Mental, Depressió psíquica, Depresión mental
Yıl :
2018
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is aimed to counteract cognitions and behaviours that are considered as dysfunctional. The aim of the study is to test whether the inclusion of a non-counteractive approach (dilemma-focused intervention, DFI) in combination with CBT group therapy will yield better short- and long-term outcomes than an intervention conducted entirely using CBT. Method: A total of 128 patients with depression and at least one cognitive conflict, of six health community centres in Barcelona, participated from November of 2011 to December of 2014 in seven weekly group CBT sessions and were then randomly allocated to either DFI or CBT (eight individual sessions each) by an independent researcher. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II at baseline, at the end of therapy and threeand twelve-month follow-ups. Therapists did not participate in any of the assessments nor in the randomisation of patients and evaluators were masked to group assignment. Both intention to treat and complete case analyses were performed using linear mixed models with random effects. Findings: According to intention-to-treat analysis (F2, 179 = 0.69) and complete case analysis (F2, 146 = 0.88), both conditions similarly reduced the severity of symptoms across posttreatment assessments. For the 77 participants (CBTgroup +CBTindividual = 40; CBTgroup+DFIindividual = 37) that completed allocated treatment and one-year follow-up assessment, response and remission rates were relative higher for the DFI condition, however no significant differences were found between treatment conditions. The relapse rates were similar between treatment conditions (CBTgroup +CBTindividual = 7/20; CBTgroup+DFIindividual = 8/22). Interpretation: Although using a counteractive approach across all the treatment sessions is quite effective, it does not seem to be necessary to produce significant improvement. DFI may be considered as an alternative, which could be included in a wider treatment for depression.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Depression, Mental, Depressió psíquica, Depresión mental
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
Psikoloji %100
Psikoloji %59
17
Virtual mortality and near-death experience after a prolonged exposure in a shared virtual reality may lead to positive life-attitude changes
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Barberia Fernandez Itxaso , Oliva Ramon , Bourdin Kreitz Pierre , Slater Mel
Konu :
Near-death experiences, Virtual reality, Experiències properes a la mort, Realitat virtual, Experiencias cercanas a la muerte, Realidad virtual
Yıl :
2018
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Mortality is an obvious if uncomfortable part of the human condition, yet it is impossible to study its impact on anyone who experiences it. Reports of phenomena associated with death such as out-of-the-body (OBE) and near death experiences (NDE) can only be studied post-hoc, since it is impossible to design a scientific study where an experimental group experiences death (and returns) and a control group does not. Yet NDEs seem to have a profound influence on the subsequent lives of people and are therefore worthy of study. Terror Management Theory, which argues that death anxiety contributes to in-group solidarity and hostility to out-groups, relies on studies that manipulate opinions and cannot be based on experiential evidence. Here we introduce a potential methodology that uses immersive virtual reality (VR) for the study of mortality and NDEs. Participants are embodied in alternate bodies in a beautiful island along with two companions. They explore the island and carry out tasks together. The mechanism of embodiment produces strong illusions of ownership over their life-sized virtual bodies. Over time each participant witnesses the death of the two companions and then her own death¿which includes the reported features of an NDE (OBE, life review, the tunnel leading to white light) followed by a period of observation of the continuing activities in the virtual world on an external screen. Fifteen female participants experienced 6 sessions in the island, each starting as a child and gradually maturing, and eventually ageing and dying. Sixteen control subjects formed a waiting group. We introduce this as a methodology for the study of these issues, and present promising results, suggesting that those who experienced the island report life attitude changes, becoming more concerned with others and more interested in global rather than material issues compared to the control group. The results are based on a small sample size, and should be considered as indicative of the possibilities of this new methodology as a way forward for future studies in this field.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Near-death experiences, Virtual reality, Experiències properes a la mort, Realitat virtual, Experiencias cercanas a la muerte, Realidad virtual
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
Eğitim %20
18
Automatic prediction of facial trait judgments: Appearance vs. structural models
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Rojas Quiñones Mario , Masip Rodo David , Todorov Alexander , Vitrià Marca Jordi
Konu :
automatic prediction, structural models, predicción automática, modelos estructurales, predicció automàtica, models estructurals, Computer simulation, Simulació per ordinador, Simulación por ordenador
Yıl :
2011
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Evaluating other individuals with respect to personality characteristics plays a crucial role in human relations and it is the focus of attention for research in diverse fields such as psychology and interactive computer systems. In psychology, face perception has been recognized as a key component of this evaluation system. Multiple studies suggest that observers use face information to infer personality characteristics. Interactive computer systems are trying to take advantage of these findings and apply them to increase the natural aspect of interaction and to improve the performance of interactive computer systems. Here, we experimentally test whether the automatic prediction of facial trait judgments (e.g. dominance) can be made by using the full appearance information of the face and whether a reduced representation of its structure is sufficient. We evaluate two separate approaches: a holistic representation model using the facial appearance information and a structural model constructed from the relations among facial salient points. State of the art machine learning methods are applied to a) derive a facial trait judgment model from training data and b) predict a facial trait value for any face. Furthermore, we address the issue of whether there are specific structural relations among facial points that predict perception of facial traits. Experimental results over a set of labeled data (9 different trait evaluations) and classification rules (4 rules) suggest that a) prediction of perception of facial traits is learnable by both holistic and structural approaches; b) the most reliable prediction of facial trait judgments is obtained by certain type of holistic descriptions of the face appearance; and c) for some traits such as attractiveness and extroversion, there are relationships between specific structural features and social perceptions.
Anahtar Kelimeler : automatic prediction, structural models, predicción automática, modelos estructurales, predicció automàtica, models estructurals, Computer simulation, Simulació per ordinador, Simulación por ordenador
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
19
Gp120/CD4 blocking antibodies are frequently elicited in ART-naïve chronically HIV-1 infected individuals
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Carrillo Jorge , Molinos-Albert Luis M. , Rodríguez de la Concepción Maria L. , Marfil Sílvia , García Elisabet , Derking Ronald , Sanders Rogier W. , Clotet Bonaventura , Blanco Julià
Yıl :
2015
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Antibodies with the ability to block the interaction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env)
gp120 with CD4, including those overlapping the CD4 binding site (CD4bs antibodies), can
protect from infection by HIV-1, and their elicitation may be an interesting goal for any vaccination
strategy. To identify gp120/CD4 blocking antibodies in plasma samples from HIV-1
infected individuals we have developed a competitive flow cytometry-based functional
assay. In a cohort of treatment-naïve chronically infected patients, we showed that gp120/
CD4 blocking antibodies were frequently elicited (detected in 97% plasma samples) and
correlated with binding to trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. However, no correlation
was observed between functional CD4 binding blockade data and titer of CD4bs antibodies
determined by ELISA using resurfaced gp120 proteins. Consistently, plasma samples lacking
CD4bs antibodies were able to block the interaction between gp120 and its receptor, indicating
that antibodies recognizing other epitopes, such as PGT126 and PG16, can also
play the same role. Antibodies blocking CD4 binding increased over time and correlated
positively with the capacity of plasma samples to neutralize the laboratory-adapted NL4.3
and BaL virus isolates, suggesting their potential contribution to the neutralizing workforce
of plasma in vivo. Determining whether this response can be boosted to achieve broadly
neutralizing antibodies may provide valuable information for the design of new strategies
aimed to improve the anti-HIV-1 humoral response and to develop a successful HIV-
1 vaccine.
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
20
Automated prediction of preferences using facial expressions
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Masip Rodo David , North Michael , Todorov Alexander , Osherson Daniel
Konu :
facial expressions, automated predictions, social cognition, expresiones faciales, predicciones automatizadas, cognición social, expressions facials, prediccions automatitzades, cognició social, Computer algorithms, Algorismes computacionals, Algoritmos computacionales
Yıl :
2014
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
We introduce a computer vision problem from social cognition, namely, the automated detection of attitudes from a person's spontaneous facial expressions. To illustrate the challenges, we introduce two simple algorithms designed to predict observers' preferences between images (e.g., of celebrities) based on covert videos of the observers' faces. The two algorithms are almost as accurate as human judges performing the same task but nonetheless far from perfect. Our approach is to locate facial landmarks, then predict preference on the basis of their temporal dynamics. The database contains 768 videos involving four different kinds of preferences. We make it publically available.
Anahtar Kelimeler : facial expressions, automated predictions, social cognition, expresiones faciales, predicciones automatizadas, cognición social, expressions facials, prediccions automatitzades, cognició social, Computer algorithms, Algorismes computacionals, Algoritmos computacionales
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
21
A phase I randomized therapeutic MVA-B vaccination improves the magnitude and quality of the T cell immune responses in HIV-1-infected subjects on HAART
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Gómez Carmen E. , Perdiguero Beatriz , García Arriaza Juan , Cepeda Victoria , Sánchez-Sorzano Carlos Óscar , Mothe B. , Jiménez José Luis , Muñoz Fernández María Ángeles , Gatell J.M. , López Bernaldo de Quirós Juan Carlos , Brander Christian , Garcia Felipe , Esteban Mariano
Yıl :
2016
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Trial Design
Previous studies suggested that poxvirus-based vaccines might be instrumental in the therapeutic
HIV field. A phase I clinical trial was conducted in HIV-1-infected patients on highly
active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), with CD4 T cell counts above 450 cells/mm3 and
undetectable viremia. Thirty participants were randomized (2:1) to receive either 3 intramuscular
injections of MVA-B vaccine (coding for clade B HIV-1 Env, Gag, Pol and Nef antigens)
or placebo, followed by interruption of HAART.
Methods
The magnitude, breadth, quality and phenotype of the HIV-1-specific T cell response were
assayed by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) in 22 volunteers pre- and post-vaccination.
Results
MVA-B vaccine induced newly detected HIV-1-specific CD4 T cell responses and expanded
pre-existing responses (mostly against Gag, Pol and Nef antigens) that were high in magnitude,
broadly directed and showed an enhanced polyfunctionality with a T effector memory
(TEM) phenotype, while maintaining the magnitude and quality of the pre-existing HIV-1-
specific CD8 T cell responses. In addition, vaccination also triggered preferential CD8+ T
cell polyfunctional responses to the MVA vector antigens that increase in magnitude after
two and three booster doses.
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
22
A model for foreign exchange markets based on glassy Brownian systems
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Sánchez Granero Miguel Ángel , Trinidad Segovia Juan Evangelista , Clara Rahola Joaquim , Puertas López Antonio Manuel , Nieves López Francisco Javier de las
Konu :
foreign exchange market, brownian motion, mercado de divisas, movimiento browniano, mercats de divises, moviment brownià, Value, Valor (Economia), Valor (Economía)
Yıl :
2017
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
In this work we extend a well-known model from arrested physical systems, and employ it in order to efficiently depict different currency pairs of foreign exchange market price fluctuation distributions. We consider the exchange rate price in the time range between 2010 and 2016 at yearly time intervals and resolved at one minute frequency. We then fit the experimental datasets with this model, and find significant qualitative symmetry between price fluctuation distributions from the currency market, and the ones belonging to colloidal particles position in arrested states. The main contribution of this paper is a well-known physical model that does not necessarily assume the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) restrictive condition.
Anahtar Kelimeler : foreign exchange market, brownian motion, mercado de divisas, movimiento browniano, mercats de divises, moviment brownià, Value, Valor (Economia), Valor (Economía)
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
23
Tennis Play Intensity Distribution and Relation with Aerobic Fitness in Competitive Players
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
Plos One
Yayıncı:
Plos One
Yazar(lar) :
Baiget i Vidal Ernest , Fernandez-Fernandez Jaime , Iglesias i Reig Xavier , Rodríguez Ferran A.
Yıl :
2015
Plos One
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
The aims of this study were (i) to describe the relative intensity of simulated tennis play based
on the cumulative time spent in three metabolic intensity zones, and (ii) to determine the relationships
between this play intensity distribution and the aerobic fitness of a group of competitive
players. 20 male players of advanced to elite level (ITN) performed an incremental oncourt
specific endurance tennis test to exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake
(VO2max) and the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2). Ventilatory and gas
exchange parameters were monitored using a telemetric portable gas analyser (K4 b2,
Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Two weeks later the participants played a simulated tennis set against
an opponent of similar level. Intensity zones (1: low, 2: moderate, and 3: high) were delimited
by the individual VO2 values corresponding to VT1 and VT2, and expressed as percentage of
maximum VO2 and heart rate. When expressed relative to VO2max, percentage of playing
time in zone 1 (77 ± 25%) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in zone 2 (20 ± 21%) and
zone 3 (3 ± 5%). Moderate to high positive correlations were found between VT1, VT2 and
VO2max, and the percentage of playing time spent in zone 1 (r = 0.68–0.75), as well as low to
high inverse correlations between the metabolic variables and the percentage of time spent
in zone 2 and 3 (r = -0.49–0.75). Players with better aerobic fitness play at relatively lower
intensities. We conclude that players spent more than 75%of the time in their low-intensity
zone, with less than 25%of the time spent at moderate to high intensities. Aerobic fitness
appears to determine the metabolic intensity that players can sustain throughout the game.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131304
Tez türü: article
24
Caretakers' perspectives of paediatric TB and implications for care-seeking behaviours in Southern Mozambique
Dergi Makalesi

Dergi Makalesi
Kaynak :
RECERCAT
Dergi:
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı:
PLoS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Mindu Carolina , López Varela Elisa , Alonso-Menendez Yara , Mausse Yolanda , Augusto Orvalho , Gondo Kizito , Muñoz José , Sacarlal Jahit , García-Basteiro Alberto L. , Alonso Pedro , Munguambe Khátia
Konu :
Tuberculosi, Infants, Moçambic, Tuberculosis, Children, Mozambique
Yıl :
2017
PLoS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
Kaydet Alıntıla
Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health concern, especially in poorly resourced settings. TB diagnosis is challenging, particularly for children, who are the most vulnerable to its′ impacts. Lack of knowledge and awareness of the disease compromises prompt diagnosis and treatment compliance.

Objective
To gain insights regarding caretakers′ knowledge of the aetiology and prevention of paediatric TB in southern Mozambique, to describe their care-seeking behaviours and to assess the acceptability of diagnostic procedures.

Methods
A total of 35 caretakers were interviewed, all of which had children with TB compatible symptoms. Eleven were caretakers of children diagnosed with TB at the health facility, 11 of children for whom TB was excluded as a diagnosis at the health facility and 13 of children with TB compatible symptoms identified in the community. The first two groups took part in a TB incidence study, while the third group did not. All underwent the same semi-structured interviews, the results of which were analysed and compared using content analysis.

Results
Even when confronted with signs suggestive of TB, most caretakers never suspected it or misinterpreted the signs, even among caretakers with TB and TB contacts. There was limited knowledge of TB, except among those undergoing treatment. The transgression of social norms was often presented as an explanation for TB in parallel to medically sound causes. The use of traditional care for prevention is widespread, but it varied for treatment purposes. TB diagnostic procedures were considered painful but were unanimously tolerated.

Conclusions and significance
Misconceptions of paediatric TB, associated complex care-seeking itineraries and negative feelings of the diagnostic procedures may result in delays, low adherence and lost to follow-up, which needs to be addressed by adequately framed health promotion approaches.
Anahtar Kelimeler : Tuberculosi, Infants, Moçambic, Tuberculosis, Children, Mozambique
Tez türü: article
Sınıflandırma :
25
ETS1 Mediates MEK1/2-Dependent Overexpression of Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in Human Cancer Cells
Araştırma Makalesi

Araştırma Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Aperta - TÜBİTAK Açık Arşivi
Dergi:
PLOS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Jukka Westermarck , Tapio Visakorpi , Mauno Vihinen , Timo Tiirikka , Turker Bilgen , Juha Okkeri , Anchit Khanna
Yıl :
2011
PLOS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
EGFR-MEK-ERK signaling pathway has an established role in promoting malignant growth and disease progression in human cancers. Therefore identification of transcriptional targets mediating the oncogenic effects of the EGFR-MEK-ERK pathway would be highly relevant. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a recently characterized human oncoprotein. CIP2A promotes malignant cell growth and is over expressed at high frequency (40-80%) in most of the human cancer types. However, the mechanisms inducing its expression in cancer still remain largely unexplored. Here we present systematic analysis of contribution of potential gene regulatory mechanisms for high CIP2A expression in cancer. Our data shows that evolutionary conserved CpG islands at the proximal CIP2A promoter are not methylated both in normal and cancer cells. Furthermore, sequencing of the active CIP2A promoter region from altogether seven normal and malignant cell types did not reveal any sequence alterations that would increase CIP2A expression specifically in cancer cells. However, treatment of cancer cells with various signaling pathway inhibitors revealed that CIP2A mRNA expression was sensitive to inhibition of EGFR activity as well as inhibition or activation of MEK-ERK pathway. Moreover, MEK1/2-specific siRNAs decreased CIP2A protein expression. Series of CIP2A promoter-luciferase constructs were created to identify proximal 227 to 2107 promoter region responsible for MEK-dependent stimulation of CIP2A expression. Additional mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed ETS1 as the transcription factor mediating stimulation of CIP2A expression through EGFR-MEK pathway. Thus, ETS1 is probably mediating high CIP2A expression in human cancers with increased EGFR-MEK1/2-ERK pathway activity. These results also suggest that in addition to its established role in invasion and angiogenesis, ETS1 may support malignant cellular growth via regulation of CIP2A expression and protein phosphatase 2A inhibition.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0017979
Sayi :6
issue :3
Sınıflandırma :
26
A consensus linkage map of lentil based on DArT markers from three RIL mapping populations
Araştırma Makalesi

Araştırma Makalesi
Open Access
Kaynak :
Aperta - TÜBİTAK Açık Arşivi
Dergi:
PLOS ONE
Yazar(lar) :
Bahattin Tanyolac , Albert Vandenberg , Hakan Ozkan , Abdullah Kahriman , Seda Nemli , Semih Erdogmus , Ahmad Alsaleh , Secil Aldemir , Duygu Ates
Yıl :
2018
PLOS ONE
Yayıncı Web Sitesi
 Piri Tam Metin Bulucu
Kaydet Alıntıla
Background
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0191375
Sayi :13
issue :1
Sınıflandırma :

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